Japan's large-bodied tempeh is known for its thick texture, large grains, rich flavor, and high nutritional value, making it a popular choice among consumers. However, there are currently limited cultivation areas across the country, and few resources are available on high-yield techniques for growing jack bean. After conducting trial plantings in the Changyi City Agricultural Science and Technology Park, we have gained valuable experience. Below, we share the key technologies that have proven effective.
1. **Sowing Seedlings**
The large bean seeds used come from Sato Plant Co., Ltd., and they are available in two varieties: white and red. The optimal sowing temperature is around 15°C during the day and about 10°C at night. Harvesting typically occurs in mid-November. In Changyi, planting usually begins in mid-April. Before sowing, the soil should be finely tilled and leveled to create a soft bed. The ground should be moist but not waterlogged. Plant 1-2 seeds per hole, ensuring the sprouts face upward, then cover with 1–1.5 cm of fine soil to help retain moisture and raise the ground temperature before covering with plastic film. If planted too deep, the seeds may rot due to poor oxygen supply, leading to poor germination. If using seedling trays, transplant when the plants have 3–4 true leaves. The recommended spacing is 1 meter between rows and 0.5 meters between plants. Using trellises, you can plant approximately 1,300 plants per 667 square meters.
2. **Fertilizer and Water Management**
Apply 5,000 kg of organic manure per 667 square meters, along with 50 kg of compound fertilizer, 50 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, and 25 kg of potassium sulfate. After planting, strictly control watering before flowering to prevent excessive vine growth, which can lead to flower drop and reduced pod set. Regularly inspect the seedlings and transplant them promptly if needed. During full bloom, avoid overwatering. Once the pods begin to form, increase irrigation and fertilization. Apply an additional 30 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per 667 square meters. Two top-dressing applications are recommended. Once the vines start climbing the trellises, regularly shake the plants to improve air circulation and light penetration.
3. **Chemical Adjustment for Growth**
To ensure strong, balanced growth and prevent excessive vine elongation without fruit production, it's important to manage the plant's growth. In addition to timely pruning of the growing tip, spray a solution containing 70 ppm naphthalene acetic acid and borax during flowering. For further control, apply a certain concentration of paclobutrazol to regulate excessive growth and promote better yield.
4. **Disease and Pest Control**
Jack bean is susceptible to diseases such as rust and blight, and pests like soybean meal and red spider mites. Throughout the growing season, spray thiophanate-methyl at 800 times dilution twice, and apply abamectin at 1,500 times dilution. To prevent underground pests, apply carbofuran before sowing. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are essential to maintain healthy crops and maximize yield.
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