**Multifunctional Greenhouse Water Temperature Air Conditioner**
According to recent research on shiitake mushroom cultivation, the number of mushrooms grown during off-season this year remains low. However, the market price for fresh shiitake mushrooms in the off-season continues to be high, often reaching 6-8 yuan per unit. With proper management, this can lead to higher production efficiency and profitability.
1. **Facility Investment**: Using greenhouses for cultivating oyster mushrooms and coprinus comatus does not require additional investment. For example, building a slightly improved greenhouse costing around 3,000 yuan and using it for five years with three batches per year, the depreciation cost is manageable. For seasonal mushroom cultivation, the depreciation cost is only about 200 yuan per season.
2. **Equipment Cost**: A newly purchased "multifunctional greenhouse water temperature regulator" costs 5,000 yuan and is used over a period of ten years. The total expenses for electricity, depreciation, and other costs for this season’s mushroom cultivation amount to approximately 300 yuan.
3. **Bacterial Bag Cost**: A 200-square-meter greenhouse can accommodate 4,000 bacterial bags. At a current market price of 2.5 yuan per bag, the total cost for bacterial bags is 10,000 yuan.
4. **Yield**: When cultivated conventionally in winter, the biological efficiency is typically around 100%. In contrast, off-season cultivation usually has a lower yield, which we estimate at 70% of that. Therefore, the total harvest would be approximately 4,200 kilograms of fresh mushrooms.
5. **Economic Benefits**: From June to September in recent years, the market price of fresh mushrooms was mostly around 8 yuan, rarely dropping below 6 yuan. Even if calculated at 6 yuan, the revenue would reach 25,000 yuan. Considering labor costs, the net profit could be between 300 and 3,000 yuan, resulting in a total profit of 11,500 yuan. If all inputs are considered as one-time investments, including greenhouse construction, equipment, and labor, the net profit would still be around 4,000 yuan.
6. **Production Scale**: If there are no local off-season mushroom growers, the market will face little competition, allowing for higher prices—potentially above 8 yuan. Selling directly to supermarkets, restaurants, and hotels can fetch much higher prices than traditional vegetable markets. Organizing production can also create a small-scale base, enabling uniform harvesting and distribution within the province or even to major cities like Beijing, Tianjin, and Dalian, where prices are significantly higher.
**Technical Points**
Off-season shiitake mushroom cultivation typically involves using natural or artificial caves, but such facilities are rare. As a result, the use of standard greenhouses and cooling systems has become the main method. Key technical steps include:
1. **Cultivation Facilities**: After spring production, the growing area should be cleaned thoroughly. Once the old fungal bags are removed, the shed is inspected, disinfected with appropriate chemicals, and then filled with water. Lime powder is applied, and the fungal bags are placed on shelves, typically arranged in 5–7 layers.
2. **Cooling Equipment**: The "multifunctional water temperature air conditioner" is widely used during summer to maintain an optimal temperature of 20–25°C during the cultivation process, ensuring good results.
3. **Bacterial Bag Color Management**: During the production of fungal bags, they should be kept in a white state until the hyphae fully develop. Covering with plastic film and grasshoppers helps regulate temperature, promoting color change and better growth.
4. **Temperature Regulation and Bud Formation**: After the color change, the bags are moved into the shed, spaced 5 cm apart, and cooled using the air conditioner. Two days later, a high-temperature stimulus is applied, encouraging bud formation within a week. Maintaining a temperature of 20–30°C, humidity of 75–95%, and light intensity of 300–1,200 lux ensures optimal growth.
5. **Mushroom Management**: Due to thick plastic films, manual cutting is required to allow buds to emerge. This should be done carefully to avoid damage. Once the mushrooms grow, the environment must be controlled with proper temperature, humidity, and ventilation to ensure quality and consistent yields.
6. **Water Management**: Mushrooms have a distinct growing cycle, and each harvest leads to significant water loss. Replenishing water after each harvest is crucial. Common methods involve filling the bags with water through a plastic-lined pit, maintaining pressure for 24 hours before draining and placing them back on the shelf. This process can yield up to five harvests, with a biological efficiency of around 80%.
With these techniques, off-season shiitake mushroom cultivation can be both profitable and sustainable, especially in areas with limited competition.
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