1. Dirty sows enter the farrowing room and there is almost no disease resistance. The pathogens are most likely to invade and cause piglets to get sick. Because the sows have completely cleaned and disinfected the incubator before the bed, they are brought in by the sows. Disease is the main source of infection. It is even more important to clean and sterilize sows before going to bed. Some pig farms use two flushing methods at a time, combined with measures such as cleaning up the sow at any time, effectively reducing the risk of early pregnancies in piglets, that is, cleaning the sows’ body filth in the breeding houses and then using the chemicals. Once sterilized, the pigs should be sterilized once they reach the upper part of the bed and the pathogens should be minimized. At present, some pig farms are still unable to do the cleaning and disinfection work before the sow goes into the house, hoping to attract enough attention. Second, do not check the prenatal breast breast milk is the only source of nutrition for piglets, and the pig's breast is different from other animals, a piglet only eat milk from a nipple, there is a habit of fixing the nipple, once fixed for life. Whether the breast is normal or not will determine whether a piglet survives or develops normally. Swelling or atrophy of the sows' udder is common in production, resulting in insufficient secretion of breast milk, impaired development of piglets due to malnutrition, predisposition to disease, and increased mortality. If we can focus on the breast when the sow goes to bed, conduct inspections and take appropriate measures on the unsatisfactory breasts, we will increase the lactation during lactation and improve the survival rate of piglets. At the same time, checking the number of effective nipples in advance will also provide a basis for fostering after birth, which is more conducive to the survival of newborn piglets. Third, the delivery room temperature is too high People have recognized the importance of temperature on the survival of piglets, but often the phenomenon of excessive temperature in the delivery room, but not conducive to piglet growth and development, because the high temperature in the delivery room will reduce the sow feed intake, lactation The quantity is small and there is insufficient supply of nutrition for piglets. When the outside temperature is high, the piglets often go outside and do not know how to return to the incubator. The crushed death rate increases, and if the temperature is not stable, the piglets will fall outside and the temperature of the homes will decrease, causing the piglets to suffer from colds or diarrhea. Too high temperature in the delivery room wastes energy and is not conducive to piglet production. Under normal circumstances, the delivery room temperature is reasonable between 18°C ​​and 22°C. Above 24°C, there will be a decrease in the sow feed intake. Therefore, if the piglets have incubators and heating equipment, the indoor temperature should not be raised too much. Fourth, the sow material undernutrition According to some scholars research, sows to meet the maximum growth of the piglets, need to feed more than 8 kilograms of feed per day, and we now sows feed intake of less than 8 kilograms, in order to increase Sow nutrition, increase nutrient concentration is the only way. The method for increasing the energy concentration is to add animal and vegetable fats and oils, and increasing the amount of several limiting amino acids can be solved by adding a single amino acid. Many pig farms have not been able to use the balance of energy protein or the balance between energy and amino acid ratios and amino acids when selecting feedstuffs. Instead, they blindly increase the content of crude protein and the results have not improved. The effect of breast milk, but due to high protein content increases the metabolic burden in the body. Fifth, lack of necessary sow care and health care Sow postpartum, the body is extremely weak, disease resistance, reduced digestion, both susceptible to pathogen infection and disease, but also prone to constipation, loss of appetite and other adverse reactions, sows Postpartum care and health care are quite important. In postpartum health care, there have been injections of penicillin, long-acting oxytetracycline, and cephalosporin, and there are also recommended methods of adding drugs to prevent the use of drugs such as Zhiyuanjing, fluorocresol phenolomycin, etc. Nice effect. However, these methods are still not used on some farms, either because the price is high, or because of the high number of injections, or because they do not see obvious results. This is not conducive to the health of the sows and is not conducive to the development of the piglets. In the sow care, the following methods are worth referring: (1) The uterus is washed after artificial birth. (2) sows give drink rehydration brine after delivery to enhance physical strength and promote bowel movement. (The effect of adding anti-inflammatory drugs in water is better than that in the material.) (3) Feeding with good taste and light laxative effect. Sixth, the postpartum feed intake is too fast The sow postpartum, the abdominal empty, the digestive system function failed to return to normal, and the sow produced by a small amount of milk, does not require too much nutrient supply. Eating too much is not only detrimental to the sow's physical recovery, but also causes feed wastage. Therefore, the sows do not need to feed too quickly after giving birth. Generally, the sow’s maximum feed intake is not reached until seven days after childbirth. VII. Ignoring postpartum infection in sows Regardless of how strict the disinfection of contaminated products is, regardless of the superiority of the environment, the sows will be in the weakest post-partum period. They are most vulnerable to bacterial infections, and they must take necessary health care measures, such as injections of antibiotics. Drugs, drugs that promote lochia expulsion, or uterine douches, are beneficial to sows. Eight, the primiparous sows did not specifically treat the primiparous gilts relative to the sows, the physique is smaller, the feed intake is lower, if the same suckling piglets, often the phenomenon of excessive consumption of the body, there is no normal estrus after weaning, Therefore, the sows should be given better quality feed and a better environment to ensure that they have a qualified body at weaning. For the first time sows, the method of adding high-quality feeds can be adopted, such as adding 2% of high-quality fish meal to the normal feed. Nine, unattended large-scale farms at birth have adopted litter-to-sucking litters for nursing farms, and sows have limited ability to nurse piglets because of their limited ability to feed. Therefore, artificial care is extremely important, especially when the piglets are born. Body mucus, broken umbilicals, timely placement in the incubator, and early feeding of the piglets with colostrum are important for the survival of the piglet. When piglets are born, the energy storage in the body is limited. According to some data, the blood sugar of piglets can meet 18 hours at 28-32°C, but when the temperature drops to 18-26°C, it can only last for 12 hours, such as piglets. After no one wipes the mucus with a dry cloth and does not cut the umbilical cord, only the body heat of the piglet will dry the mucus and umbilical cord, which will consume a lot of energy and accelerate the consumption of blood sugar. Therefore, it is necessary to have nursing care when giving birth so that it can be in a suitable environment and eat colostrum as soon as possible to enhance its resistance to disease. In addition, the confinement care can also detect the early occurrence of sows' difficult labor and suspended piglets, and take timely measures to reduce various unnecessary losses. 10. Non-insulated facilities or facilities for piglets N/A Piglet incubators are facilities that specifically maintain the temperature of the piglets. They provide a relatively comfortable environment for piglets and are conducive to the growth and development of piglets. An ideal incubator should meet the following requirements. : (1) The heat preservation performance is good, and the temperature difference between the inside and the outside is large. (2) The space is large enough to accommodate a dozen piglets until no warming is required. (3) Convenient for temperature adjustment. For example, the hanging lamp can be moved up and down. The hot plate has high and low level switches. (4) Convenient operation, because in the lactation stage, there are many jobs that require the use of incubators, such as iron supplementation, epidemic prevention, treatment, and castration. If the top cover and the container mouth can be opened or closed, it is convenient for various operations. At the same time, when the piglet is slightly larger, the mouth and top cover can be opened to facilitate the adjustment of the temperature in the box, and it is also convenient to observe the piglets at any time. (5) Strong and durable, to withstand the sow's colliding and the pig's arch bite. (6) The price is cheap. Due to various reasons, there are various forms of incubators, such as the modification of iron drums, wood, cement, glass steel, and so on, with different results. No matter what kind of form, as long as it can meet the needs of the piglet's temperature. However, in actual production, some farms do not have incubators, some have boxes without shelves, some have no heating equipment, some are too large or too small, some cannot be effectively disinfected, etc. The best effect of the incubator. 11. The temperature of the piglet's living area is too high or too low It is already accepted by the people that the pig needs a higher temperature after birth. People also come up with many ways to meet the temperature requirements of the piglets, such as incubators, electric plates, and infrared lamps. Light bulbs and so on. However, the phenomenon that the temperature in the box is too high or too low often occurs in production, which is not conducive to the growth and development of piglets. We provide insulation facilities for piglets. We can't just look at what we have prepared, but mainly to see if piglets live comfortably. If the piglets are crowded in a pile, concentrating in hotter places is a sign of being cold; if the piglets stay away from the heat source in the incubator and the head rushes toward the ventilated tank mouth or bottom, it is overheated; if the piglets are lying in the incubator When sleeping outside, consider whether the inside of the box is overheated. Only the piglet is evenly placed on the incubator or on the backing plate, and it is the ideal temperature to breathe evenly. In addition, observe the hot and cold from the prone position of the pig, such as lying is cold, lying sideways and shaking it is cold or sick, such as side, uniform breathing is moderate temperature, such as lying on the side and shortness of breath is Temperature is too high. Twelve, feed only take the form I found in many pig farms, in the 7 days after the piglets, some people will put the pig feed trough, that is, people are aware of the role of feed, but in fact most of the piglets Do not eat material, feeding is just a form, through the analysis of the following reasons: (1) sows have enough milk, piglets do not need to eat prematurely, no appetite. (2) The temperature in the feeding area is too low, and piglets drill into the incubator immediately after eating the milk. (3) The trough is too deep or in a remote place, and the piglet rarely passes. (4) After the feed is put in once, it will not be replaced for a long time, losing its flavor. (5) lack of people to induce. According to the above reasons, when feeding the pigs should also be flexible, such as breast milk is sufficient, feeding can be postponed properly, and let pigs eat materials should pay attention to methods. We have tried putting platters near the exit of the piglet incubator and tried hanging a brightly coloured plastic bottle above the feeding trough, putting a pebble or ball in the trough and obligatory feeding of the piglets. Other measures have achieved good results for reference. XIII. Paying no attention to the humidity in the house will greatly increase the feeling of coldness of the piglets. In particular, the withdrawal of heat-supplying suckling pigs will often lead to diarrhea due to moisture, which in turn will cause the entire group of infections. There are mainly two factors that cause dampness in the house. One is the leakage of water pipes, and the second is high water pressure. When the temperature in the house is too high, the sow can play with water, splashing the water all over the place, especially the latter often splashing piglet insulation. In the box, the pad is wet and the piglets live in a humid environment for a long time. If it is difficult to ventilate in the winter, long-term dampness in the house is conducive to microbial reproduction and proneness to disease. In fourteen, pay no attention to health (mother's teat, incubator) Piglets diarrhea is the most headache during breastfeeding, although many methods are used to prevent and cure, but if you do not consider from the cause, it is often a temporary solution, and easy to relapse. Some people have summarized several causes of diarrhea in piglets - cold, wet and unsanitary. This is very appropriate. Unsanitary is one of the most important ones. Because there are no pathogens, even if the disease is lighter, if the environment is dirty, the piglets continuously eat the dirt containing pathogens and continuously discharge the pathogens. Vicious circle. The delivery room has high requirements for hygiene. If the sows are not allowed to have sows in the bed, the sows should pull the stools after pulling the excrement. The pig manure should also be promptly cleaned up, and wiped and brushed regularly with a disinfectant solution. Some farms are used twice a day. Scrubbing the sow's breasts with the disinfectant solution, and some pig farms regularly scrubbed the bed surface, etc., have achieved good results. Pay attention to hygiene is not only the bed, but also to keep clean and hygienic in the ground and incubators, but also pay attention to the health of the use of tools. Fifteen, piglets eat milkless or poor milk nipples sow milk production is different, some milk production, and some milk production, and sometimes there is no milk part of the phenomenon. In this way, some frail piglets and newly fostered piglets often do not possess good teats. Over time, they become malnourished, prone to disease, and finally form dead pigs and even die. Piglet suckers lack the following performance: (1) long-term arch sow teats. (2) The body is thin and the abdomen collapses. (3) When other piglets are sleeping, the piglets may be turned out of the box. (4) Pigs move around before and after feeding. Sixteen, two piglets compete for a teat In general, each piglet has a fixed nipple. But there are times when two piglets eat a nipple together. Sometimes it is because there are more piglets than effective nipples, and sometimes it is because the piglets that were put in can't find the right nipples, and sometimes the strong piglets eat the milk from their own nipples to grab the nipples of other pigs. If there is a situation where two pigs compete for a teat, a piglet will inevitably become weak due to lack of milk and eventually become a stiff pig. Therefore, the occurrence of this situation should be avoided as much as possible in production. Once found, measures such as foster care should be adopted in time to prevent the emergence of weak pigs. Seventeen, casually fostering We sometimes find that some employees casually refer a litter of piglets to another nest. This way you can adjust the growth of piglets in the nest evenly, but this is not correct. Because, (1) Piglets have a habit of fixing teats, and it takes a long time to re-tune and fix the teats after they are transferred to new nests. (2) Sows' tits will shrink if no piglets are eaten for two days, and become nipples with little or no milk production. 3) New piglets entering the new nest and other pigs and the environment also need to be familiar with the process and will also have an impact on growth. Eighteen, three days before birth is not enough care Many breeder keeper has such experience, the first three days postpartum is the highest period of piglet death, in addition, the emergence of weak or death and the first three days of care is not enough. Because the piglets in the first three days are not only suitable for the external environment, but also affected by factors such as temperature, colostrum, and milk intake. If care is not taken, the piglets will die, die, die or die. The first three days of nursing measures include: early to eat colostrum, fixed nipples, regular feeding, to create a comfortable microclimate, anti-pressure and so on. Some farms adopt regular feeding measures in the first three days after childbirth to effectively prevent piglets from dying or underfeeding. The specific operation is regular feeding, once an hour during the day and once an hour during the night. When nursing, it is observed and nursed. After the end of the feeding, the piglets are put into the incubator so that each piglet can eat enough milk. This may seem like a lot of manpower, but its effect is worth it. Nineteen, cut teeth cut back roots cut teeth If you rely too much on the root or teeth after the time, often appear uneven teeth, easily lead to the proliferation of pathogens, and ultimately lead to gum swelling or even ulceration, affecting piglets eat, but also cause piglets The main cause of exudative dermatitis and streptococcal disease. Therefore, you should pay attention to two points when you cut your teeth. If you want to get it early, it is best to cut your teeth immediately after birth. Second, you can't rely on the roots too much and cut one-half. 20. Do not pay attention to the air quality in the house. The influence of air quality on pigs is becoming more and more obvious. Some pig farms use deep-hole dung method, that is, the bottom of the bed is a deep pit, and some have water in the pit. In order to keep dry without water, the same problem with the two is that the house smells bad and the air is too dirty. If careful consideration is taken, the cause of the bad environment is not a poor design, but it only pays attention to one-sidedness in production, and ignores the other aspect. Because there is a problem that the storage time of the feces is too long, if the regular cleaning, the effect is much better. Individual swine clean up feces once a week, the effect is much better. 21, do not pay attention to nutritional supplements of piglets Piglets are most likely to suffer from iron deficiency or selenium after birth, and it is beneficial to the growth and development of piglets in the first three days and two weeks after birth. Twenty-two, weaning too quickly, piglets weaned after improper stress, improper weaning, is the main reason for the piglets after weaning problems, for which we propose to solve the piglets weaning challenges: First, to the piglets is an easy to digest Weaned feed (preferably started training three days before weaning), and secondly, the piglets are kept in the original circle at weaning. Thirdly, the temperature is increased by 3 to 5°C in time after the sow walks. The fourth is not to give the piglet as much as possible. The stress is like grabbing a pig and playing a vaccine. Allowing the piglets to reduce or spread their stress is an important factor in ensuring that piglets are properly weaned. Twenty-three, lack of protective measures for weak pigs Piglets died during lactation were mostly weak piglets. If these weak piglets were given special care, they would survive like other pigs. The main method is to make the weak piglets eat more milk, and In a better living environment. Regular feeding, fixed teats, and health care are effective means of achieving this goal. Twenty-four, lack of emergency measures Sow when littering, often appear some abnormalities, such as postpartum death of sows, sows postpartum refusal to feed, sows postpartum milk, etc., if there is no special method, will lead to death of whole litter piglets. If these measures are taken in advance, these losses can be minimized; such as separate feeding, tube feeding, and colostrum freezing. Twenty-Five, piglet feeding trough dirty If the material in the piglet chute is not changed for a long time or the trough is dirty, the piglets will refuse to feed. This is the reason why the common trough has feed and the pig does not eat. Twenty-six, blind midwifery, causing birth canal infections Some breeders found that the labor length was slightly longer and they immediately gave birth, resulting in postpartum sow infections, lighter feed intake, poor breastfeeding performance, and severely affecting future mating litters. Due to different sow individuals, their labor is not fixed. Whether artificial labor is needed or not, the following methods can be used: If the sow is strongly blamed but there is no fetal output, the disinfected arm can be inserted into the birth canal for examination. The piglet has been out of the cervix and can be delivered by artificial labor. If the piglet is still deep, you do not need to rush to pick up the pig. You can continue to wait. Twenty-seven. The amount of feed in the feeding trough is not regularly changed. The amount of pig feeding during feeding is very small. During the 28 days of feeding, each pig can only feed 200-300 g. Feed, if you put too much at one time, the piglets are not eating, and the rest of the material will taste or deteriorate. The piglets have no interest in feeding, but this gives an illusion, as if the tank does not need to add material. Therefore, the habit of cleaning the chute and changing fresh materials should be developed. The material in the chute should be cleared at regular intervals every day, cleaned and sterilized, and then dehydrated in the bed to dry. This ensures that the pig can feed fresh feed every day. . Twenty-eight, rude treatment sows sow antenatal need to go from the gestational shed to the farrowing house, sometimes far away, and sometimes high bed, sometimes the road is too slippery, sows on the prenatal period is not smooth. At this time, the breeder must not be anxious, let alone treat the sow harshly, or he may hurry or kick a few feet or raise a pig to raise the bed, which may result in the death of the fetus in the belly and the formation of stillbirth. Twenty-nine, before the colostrum eats colostrum, it does not squeeze the outermost few drops of milk. Because the sow's nipples are often in contact with the outside, when the milk is secreted, the inside of the nipple may store some dirt. There may be a large number of bacterial viruses inside, if the piglets If these milks are not squeezed before milking, then the pigs will have a lot of pathogens in the first milk, and the piglets are not immune (the piglets' immune antibodies are obtained from the colostrum) and it is easy to develop. Thirty, prematurely stop feeding before ante-particulation. In general, people should reduce sows for the first three days, and do not feed on the day of birth. This is theoretically reasonable. However, because pigs have no fixed time, they sometimes advance and sometimes push backwards, which makes the reduction of materials difficult to operate. If the sows are not fed two days in advance, the sows will suffer from starvation. Dystocia, or prolonged labor, increase the likelihood of stillbirth. Therefore, reducing the weight of sows should also be based on specific circumstances. In addition, we believe that there is no need to reduce the material too much, nor do we need to feed it before the birth, because the pig is most aware of its own physiology and will not eat it when it comes to labor, instead of artificially arranging it for it. time. Thirty-one, mechanically adopting induction measures to inject chloroprenyl alcohol to pregnant sows so that the sows can be placed on a separate schedule to facilitate the control of farrowing. I think it is not necessary under normal circumstances and it is harmful. Since the induction of labor increases the cost of feeding, for each chloroprenosol is now about five yuan, then the cost of four branches can hire a night shift, and the work of a night shift staff is far more than just producing a job; at the same time When the fetus is not mature and gives birth early, the piglets are weak postpartum, and the sow's milk is not as good as normal, which also affects the survival and normal development of the piglets. Thirty-two, do not turn on the lights overnight at night after weaning in the delivery room to turn on the lights all night at night, so that the light outside the incubator is strong. The piglets are happy to feed on the incubator, and it is also convenient for the on-duty personnel to care for the piglets. Thirty-three, the order of production is not on the piglet after birth, the order of processing also has a certain impact on piglets, we believe that the normal order of production is: æŽ outlet nasal mucus - dry with a dry cloth to dry the body - cutting teeth - irrigation Anti-Diarrhea Drugs - Disconnect the umbilicus and sterilise the ends with iodine - tail and sterilise - place in an incubator or lamp. Here, the umbilical cord is first cut after teething, because the bones of the piglets are soft at the time of birth, so it is not easy to cut them when cutting the teeth; at the same time, when the teeth are cut, the head of the pig is easily grasped, and the pig body is easy to move. If the umbilicus is broken first, it is easy for the piglets to struggle. The blood vessels of the umbilical cord were opened; in addition, the umbilical cord was delayed and the blood in the umbilical cord was absorbed more thoroughly, which did not easily cause umbilical cord hemorrhage. Thirty-four, broken umbilical bleeding more than broken umbilical bleeding is mainly due to piglets umbilical cord thicker or broken umbilical when too short or cut off umbilical too fast, so often there is dead pig phenomenon. When the umbilicus is broken, the two methods can prevent umbilical bleeding. First, rub it off by hand, and second, cut the umbilical cord with a thread first. Thirty-five, there are two major shortcomings in the end of the tail too close to the end of the root, one is prone to bleeding, the second is the inconvenience of catching pigs in the subsequent transfer. Generally one-third or half of the tail is left. Thirty-six, inappropriate sow milk treatment method sows postpartum milkless or young milk is the most common problem during breastfeeding. The reasons are many, such as the large amount of feeding in the middle of pregnancy, fat particles flooded into the breast affect the development of the mammary gland; severe constipation occurs during labor, causing postpartum food; breast infection before and after birth mastitis, due to pain and breastfeeding caused breast atrophy Postpartum infections cause high fever. Solving the problem of milkless and milch sows should also be based on the above situation. Measures should be taken to increase the quality of malnutrition, such as fish soup and broth; postpartum infection should be treated as anti-inflammatory treatment; constipation must be promoted before defecation. However, excessive fat can only be solved by injecting oxytocin through breast massage. Thirty-seven, too much anxiety caused the sows to postpartum refusal to feed and bite the sow's refusal to feed or bite, often leading to the death of whole litter piglets. This situation is more common in newly born sows. This is due to the lack of breast-feeding experience and the sow's environmental changes in the first-time sows, especially before going to bed late and before and after littering, and the surrounding environment is disturbed. Excessive alertness causes irritability to the sows, plus litter size. The various physiological responses of the sows produced a reversal of the heart, and rejection of the unfamiliar piglets. To solve this problem, it is best to prevent it in advance. For example, if you are familiar with the environment before going to bed, the breeder or the concierge massages several times to prevent the pig from becoming hostile. The quiet and comfortable environment at the time of the birth of the piglet excavates the part of the piglet before feeding it. The milk brought pleasure to the pig when it was released, and the first pig was nursing when it was feeding. If there is a refusal to feed or bite, there are certain effects in the injection of sedatives, the fixing of sows and the forced feeding of piglets; in my own experience, the resulting piglets are concentrated in a box or incubator (preferably In the event of an activity, the breeder slowly touches the sow and slowly rubs the breast to make him feel comfortable. It reduces the hostility to the person. Because the sow is tired after childbirth, she will soon lie down to rest. A pig (grasping the pig carefully, not letting it make a sound) put it on the side of the sow to eat milk, grasp the second end a few minutes later, then release the piglet in turn, so that after three or three times, it can be smoothly breast-fed. In the event of a piglet squealing the sow, we can wait until it calms down and repeat the above work. Generally, it can be successful without much manpower. 38. Pre-weaning of sows before weaning People are accustomed to reducing sows before weaning. They think that after reducing the amount of material, they can reduce lactation, promote feed intake for piglets, and can promote sow breast atrophy and prevent breasts after weaning. The occurrence of inflammation. However, we believe that this practice is not ideal, because the sow's lactation is not only provided by the feed, but also decomposes the body's tissue to produce milk. Short-term reductions do not significantly reduce lactation, but only larger consumer tissues. Post-weaning estrus is postponed; while the sow's breasts stop lactating, the most influential factor is that breast milk cannot be discharged, and the pressure of breast swells promotes atrophy of the breast. The effect of weaning stimulation is greater. Therefore, we recommend that the sows do not have to cut materials before weaning, and do not feed on the day of weaning. This method is very good in terms of production, and it is beneficial to the estrus after weaning.
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