The bamboo jujube of the United States is also called Zhuliu, Yangliu Branch. Compared with other fast-growing species, Zhuliu has the characteristics of strong resistance, fast growing, good material, and high cultivation efficiency. To achieve its higher economic benefits, mastering scientific cultivation management techniques is the key.
First, nursery
Zhuliu is easy to plant, easy to manage, easy to survive, can be nursed all year round, northern winter minimum temperature above -5 °C can carry out cutting seedlings (first long after germination).
1. Select the cuttings to select one-year-old robust shoots or semi-lignified shoots that have grown for less than one year. Cut them into small pieces of 10 to 15 centimeters long with scissors, depending on the season and soil quality.
2. Soak the cuttings and cut the cuts according to the thickness. All the roots are immersed in the water for 24 to 36 hours. The middle water or tap water is changed once. Then, the lower part of the cuttings is immersed for 1 to 3 cm with rooting powder for 2 to 3 hours. While soaking, 25% of carbendazim is added to 20 grams. The rooting powder is 1 gram of water and 5 kg of water. After soaking with rooting powder, fill the raw water container with water and germinate. When there is a small amount of small white spots at the base of the cutting insert, it can be cut.
3. Cut 5,000 to 10,000 strains per acre, and keep the soil dry after cuttings. It is best to water regularly. The seedlings can be transplanted at a height of 2 meters or more, and autumn, winter and spring are the best time for transplanting.
Second, cultivation and management
1. Choose Zhuliuxi Water and Fertilizer for cultivation. When planting in large areas, it is necessary to select irrigation conditions as the first element. Saline-alkali soil, wet ground, low-lying land, easily flooded ground, or water-conceivable land is suitable. Cultivation bamboo willow.
2. The fertilization of bamboo willow will require more N, K, and Ca fertilizers than common tree species. In addition to considering the fertility regulation of bamboo willow and the soil nutrient conditions of the afforestation site, the fertility should also consider the age, density and soil type of bamboo willow. And groundwater level and other factors.
1 basal fat. Mainly organic fertilizer or long-acting fertilizer, Mushi pig, cattle, chicken manure or soil fertilizer 3 cubic meters, chemical fertilizers should contain nitrogen, potassium, calcium several elements.
2 top dressing. The topdressing time should be arranged before the fast-growing period of Zhuliu, the beginning of fast-growing period and the mid-fast growth period. Generally the first time in mid-May, applying 20 kg of urea per mu and 30 kg of superphosphate; the second time in the end of June and beginning of July, the rainy season Before coming, apply 30 kg of urea per acre or 100 kg of ammonium bicarbonate and 30 kg of superphosphate; for the third time from the end of July to mid-August, apply potassium chloride and other potassium-containing fertilizer to 20 kg. At the same time, a large amount of topdressing nitrogen fertilizers should not be used, so as to avoid causing seedlings to grow long and reducing the degree of lignification. The principle of fertilization is a small number of times.
3 outside the fertilization. With the addition of bamboo shoots and bamboo shoot growth agent and fertilizer spray, the concentration is too large to burn the leaves and cause fertilizer damage, but when the concentration is too small, the fertilizer effect is not obvious. The appropriate concentration range is: a large number of elements 0.1% to 2%, microelements 0.01% to 1%. The suitable time for fertilization outside the roots is after 4 pm or before 9 am. Fertilization interval 10 to 15 days, continuous spraying 2 to 3 times. In order to increase the degree of lignification of the seedlings, two potassium dihydrogen phosphate solutions can be sprayed on the upper mid-September.
3. Remove the weeds in the field. Weeding with paraquat can be used before transplanting. Site preparation can be started 10 days after transplanting. Weeds that have occurred in the field can be sprayed with weeds. In order to prevent bamboo juvenile seedlings from being harmed by phytotoxicity, the front half of the Coke bottle can be cut off and placed on the spray head to form a protective cover. According to different seasons, spraying should be conducted on a small area first, followed by a large area.
4. Planting density According to the cultivated topography, soil fertility and the requirements for the diameter of bamboo willow, the planting density can be divided into 3 types: large-diameter standard is 300/mu, medium diameter material is 400 to 700/mu, forest paper Integrated planting or ultra-short-term rotation can plant 800-1500 plants per acre.
5. Watering timely after watering the roots is the key to survival. According to the seedling size and planting density, it is determined whether it is digging planting or ditch planting. The planting should not be too deep or too shallow. Generally, the backfill soil is higher than the root base, and after the planting, the watering can be carried out. After the drought, it is poured once every 10 days. water. Planting seedlings from autumn to next spring and soaking the roots of the seedlings in water for 24 hours before planting can increase the survival rate. The water management of bamboo willow should follow the principle of “wet†time is longer than “dry†time. In the hot and dry season, it needs to be filled with 1 big water for 7 days. The water should be thoroughly filled and filled, and the top dressing and irrigation should be synchronized as much as possible. get on.
6. Trim pruning can be divided into two stages: winter shear or spring shear and summer shear: After falling from autumn leaves to before the second year of germination, it is mainly to trim the middle and lower lateral branches and the upper lateral branches that affect the tree shape; summer pruning is mainly to cut growth. Vigorous lateral branches, dense branches, and pests and diseases are harmful to the branch, so that the bamboo willow grow taller, faster and straighter.
7. Disease and Insect Pest Control Relatively speaking, bamboo willows will have less pests and diseases, and rare willow leaf rust, stem canker disease and other diseases will rarely occur. The main insect pests in the growing season include aphids, willow blue leaf beetles, and bridge-building insects. The prevention and treatment will generally be carried out 2 to 3 times a year. The new shoots will be prevented and treated once in 1 month, and once in the high temperature season, once in the local rainy season. Spray pest control as far as possible combined with foliar spray fertilizer. A 2-year-old tree can be applied with lime water once in the fall or winter.
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