1 Biological characteristics
Artemia brine insects, also known as brine insects, arthropods, crustaceans, no nails, salt brine insects, Artemia. Artemia eggs (female) produce 10-250 eggs at a time and one egg produces 5-10 eggs. Each worm body can survive for 3-6 months.
Artemia is adaptable, and it is produced in different types of salt lakes and salt fields around the world. The breeding cycle is short and grows quickly. Artemia is a filter-feeding animal, suitable for feed pellets 10-50μm, in addition to single-cell algae and protozoa, it can also eat a variety of organic debris. It has the characteristics of high conversion rate and strong disease resistance. Hi against the water swimming. Adults do not like light and larvae have phototaxis.
2 Nutritional value
High nutritional value, dried eggs and adults contain 57% to 60% protein, 18% fat, rich in amino acids, trace elements, vitamins, unsaturated fatty acids, and contain hormones. These substances are conducive to growth, development, improve disease resistance, improve the maturity of fish and shrimp and spawning rate, and are good foods.
3 simple process of artificial breeding
Egg hatching → Inoculation → Breeding management → Artemia spawning → Egg harvest
3.1 Preparation of Cultivation Ponds and Preparation for Pre-planting
The depth of the aquaculture pond for cultivation of the aquaculture pond is 1m, and the size is 50X50m. There are ring grooves on the four sides of the pond, and the water depth is 70-100cm. At the same time, algae-like bait culture ponds were established, and phytoplankton grew rapidly under low-salinity conditions.
Before disinfecting Artemia, the tank was completely drained, exposed for 2 weeks, and the pond sediment was cleaned as needed, and lime was then sprinkled on the bottom of the pond.
3.2 Egg hatching
The incubator consists of an incubator and a small air pump. The incubator is in the shape of a circular barrel made of organic glass or plastic and has a funnel-shaped bottom. Disinfection Incubator Use a brush and clean water to clean the hatching tank and the aeration tube. Disinfect the tank wall with strong hypochlorous acid solution. After 1-2 hours, rinse off the disinfectant with clean water until no smell of chlorine is smelled.
Egg disinfection Eggs to be hatched were placed in a hypochlorous acid solution containing 200 mg/kg for 20 minutes and continuously inflated; the sterilized eggs were collected with a filter and rinsed well before being placed in the hatching tank.
Prepare before hatching. Fill the hatching tank with filtered brine. Install the aeration system. Disinfect the water by adding 0.5 g of available chlorine per 100 L of tank water and inflate for about 1 hour. Add 0.5 g of sodium thiosulfate to the water. Remove the remaining chlorine.
Hatching conditions The hatching conditions of Artemia eggs are important factors affecting the hatching rate of eggs. The main criteria for the control of hatching conditions are as follows. Water: 25‰ to 35‰ brine; Temperature: 25-30 °C; Aeration: Fully stir the water to avoid excessive foam, oxygen is not less than 2mg/L; pH: greater than 8; Illumination: Water surface is 2000lx; Density: The density of hatched Artemia eggs is 3g/L.
During hatching of the eggs, it is necessary to observe whether the hatching rate of the eggs is high, the hatching synchronism is good, and whether the larvae vigor is strong. The shorter hatching time, the newly hatched body size is smaller, and the vigor is good, not easy to sink, the better the egg quality; if the incubation time is more than 24 hours, the egg is kept every other year, the longer the incubation time, the quality of the egg The worse.
Quality detection method touch: for wet eggs, can be dispersed by hand touch, no ice crystals, moisture is about 40%; dry eggs with high dryness, good dispersion is good. Smell: Smell, odorless quality. Visual observation: The particles should have uniform size, uniform color, and no impurities. Microscopy: To further observe the size, impurities, and the number of empty shells, but also to see if there is a depression (a good depression). Randomly sample, take a small amount of eggs of the abundance year on a glass slide, and observe with an optical microscope. The good eggs are like a stepped table tennis ball, and the round eggs are wet eggs or empty eggs.
Observe whether there are crystalline substances outside the egg shell, good quality eggs, no crystal material or other impurities outside the egg shell; if there are many crystals and impurities, the eggs are washed without precipitation or precipitation deal with. Observe the egg breakage rate: The egg breakage rate is inversely proportional to the egg quality. The higher the breakage rate, the lower the egg mass. The damage rate of fresh eggs is very low, but the damage rate of eggs is high. Observe the diameter of the egg: If the egg diameter is small and the size is the same, the egg quality is good; if the egg size is different, it is an untreated fresh egg.
Combustion Assay: Every good Artemia egg burns on the fire will produce small droplets. Therefore, in the identification, you can put some eggs on the slide, and use fire to see if the number of small water droplets produced is similar to the number of eggs.
3.3 Inoculation
Salinity: 100 ‰ to 150 ‰; Temperature: 15 °C; pH: 7.9-8.9; Density: 100 nauplii/L; bait culture pond brine transparency less than 30cm; depth: 30-70cm.
Vaccination precautions The inoculation time should be arranged as early as possible in the evening, when the water temperature is the highest, which is conducive to the rejuvenation of the nauplii; under strong wind conditions, the larvae must be sucked into the pool by the side of the lee to prevent the nauplii from being washed. To the shore; if the hatchery is located far from the culture pond, it is necessary to cool and oxygenate during transportation. The hatching rate of eggs, the survival rate of nauplii and other factors should be considered when calculating the inoculum density.
3.4 Breeding Management
Routine environmental conditions of temperature, water and bottom temperature, pH, water depth, water transparency, dissolved oxygen.
Artemia growth status monitoring Artemia sampling needs to be at a fixed point in the distribution pool. When sampling, the bottom of the pond should be stirred up, to ensure the accuracy of the sampling B 500μm, 375μm, 125μm pore size filter screen, classification, counting, analysis of population composition structure, observe whether the disease and death.
Water Nutrition Monitoring Maintaining a good phytoplankton population is key to the success of Artemia culture. Therefore, it is very important to routinely monitor the level of nutrients and the status of plankton in the water body and provide a basis for daily management.
The cultivation of bait and feeding materials are mainly in the early stage of cultivation with fertilizer-water and brine supplemented with rich bio-food, so that the transparency is maintained at about 30cm. With the growth and development of Artemia, it is necessary to gradually feed organic detritus, such as bran and oil cake. Class, corn, chicken manure, cattle and sheep manure. The particles should be less than 50μ, and the feeding amount should be 30-50kg/day ha. Inorganic fertilizer can be used if conditions permit. Apply 20 kg of urea and 25 kg of diammonium phosphate per hectare per week.
Prevention and control of diseases and pests should pay attention to the prevention of black body disease while preventing waterfowl from eating Artemia in shallow water areas. The Cladophora and Brassica oleracea were harvested in time and fed with Artemia mill. Sun sets up a sun protection net to provide a summer platform for Artemia.
3.5 Stimulation spawning
The factors affecting Artemia lay eggs are the genetic characteristics of Artemia, environmental factors (dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature, etc. stimulate the synthesis of Artemia hemoglobin, and finally use heme as the final metabolite of metabolism, from the brown shell glands. Secreted to form the egg shell of Artemia.
The method of adjusting spawning changes the salinity of the brine in the culture pond, such as increasing or decreasing salinity; reducing the amount of dissolved oxygen; chemical drug stimulation.
3.6 Fishing Processing
Harvest eggs of Artemia eggs in the fall. Can be scraped directly from the shore, or with a special copycat net, in the downwind to retrieve eggs floating on the water or suspended water. If used to collect Artemia eggs that have been blown to the shore, common square nets (40 mesh above and 40 mesh below) are commonly used; if used to collect Artemia eggs in water, circular nets are often used. In addition, it is also possible to dig pits or build floating gates in pools to concentrate eggs in local water bodies for harvesting. Just collected eggs should not be stacked.
Simple processing and cleaning: Use a conical bucket, first rinse with fresh water, then rinse with brine. The main purpose of flushing is to remove debris, egg shells and dirt on the surface. Dehydration: Dehydration of wet eggs is performed by centrifugation followed by dryness. Drying: During the drying process, prevent the temperature from being too high (not exceeding 40°C) and exposing to the sun (dry eggs can be stored at low temperatures).
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