1. Autumnal Branching: When results are not satisfactory, the main branch should continue to expand its growth and meet the required standards. Upright shoots should be softened by bending them into a horizontal position, while auxiliary and lateral branches should be leveled to improve structure and balance.
2. Canopy Cleaning: Thinning out branches helps improve light penetration and air circulation within the tree. Remove any dense, upright, overlapping, or competing branches, as well as any unproductive shoots that may hinder growth or reduce fruit quality.
3. Promoting Flower Bud Development: In mid to late September, it's an ideal time to perform "heading back" at the junction between two-year-old and one-year-old growth. This practice encourages the formation of flower buds on the two-year-old shoots. Varieties like Red Fuji, Golden Delicious, and others can also benefit from "cap pruning" at the spring-to-autumn junction. A "live cap" should be applied to strong, vigorous shoots, while a "dead cap" is suitable for weaker or less productive branches. The main framework branches should generally not be topped to maintain their structural integrity.
4. Controlling Winter Damage: Young trees, high-yielding trees, and those with rapid new shoot growth often have poor wood density and are prone to winter drying. To manage this, techniques such as branch pulling, rubbing, or topping can be used to control excessive growth. Topping should be done around mid-September, and the cut should be moderate to avoid stimulating unwanted secondary branching. If the timing is early, only the growing tip should be removed lightly. If it's later in the season, the shoot can be pruned by 1 to 5 cm to encourage better bud development and stronger growth.
This pruning strategy not only enhances fruit production but also ensures the long-term health and structure of the tree. By carefully managing growth patterns and promoting balanced development, growers can achieve better yields and more consistent fruit quality year after year.
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