Seed treatment before sowing is an essential step in ensuring healthy plant growth. In addition to selecting disease-resistant varieties, seeds should be soaked in fresh water for 3 to 4 hours prior to germination. Afterward, they should be immersed in a 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20 to 30 minutes to reduce the risk of viral infections. Once treated, the seeds should be thoroughly rinsed with clean water and allowed to germinate again. This process helps eliminate pathogens and improves seed viability.
To cultivate strong, disease-free seedlings, it's important to implement proper nursery management. Use single-plant, single-nutrition soil beds to ensure each seedling receives adequate nutrients. When transplanting, choose plants that have developed pods, as these tend to be more resilient. Increase the application of fully composted organic fertilizer to promote early growth and enhance the plant’s natural resistance to diseases.
Temperature control in the greenhouse is also critical during the nursery stage and early planting period. High temperatures and intense sunlight can stress young plants, so it's recommended to cover the greenhouse with shade nets or use natural materials like weeds to provide partial shade. Proper ventilation is equally important—especially during midday when temperatures rise. Opening vents helps regulate the internal climate and prevents overheating.
During the growing season, regular field inspections are necessary to detect and remove infected plants promptly. Early detection and removal of diseased specimens can prevent the spread of pests and diseases.
For aphid control, timely chemical intervention is crucial to stop the virus from spreading. If locusts are detected, apply a mixture of 10% imidacloprid, 10% spinosad, or 10–15 grams of powder per 30–40 kg of water. Spray the solution evenly across the field. In dry weather conditions, repeated spraying may be required for effective control.
In the early stages of disease, apply 1.5% Plant Disease Resistance Agent at 100 ml per mu, or 20% Virus A Wettable Powder at 70–100 g per mu. Repeat the spray every 5–7 days for 2–3 applications to achieve better results. If the infection is severe and symptoms such as leaf shrinkage and shortened internodes appear, consider adding 1 mg/kg cytokinin (about 50 g per mu) to the solution. This can help stimulate cell division and speed up recovery.
By combining proper seed treatment, careful nursery management, timely pest control, and appropriate chemical interventions, farmers can significantly improve crop health and yield.
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