Seed treatment before sowing is a crucial step in ensuring healthy plant development. In addition to selecting disease-resistant varieties, seeds should be soaked in fresh water for 3 to 4 hours prior to germination. After that, they should be immersed in a 10% trisodium phosphate solution for 20 to 30 minutes to disinfect and reduce the risk of viral infections. Once done, rinse the seeds thoroughly with clean water and allow them to germinate again before planting.
To cultivate strong, disease-free seedlings, proper management practices are essential. Implementing single-plant and single-nutrition soil nurseries helps ensure uniform growth and better resistance. Using fully composted organic fertilizer can enhance early growth and improve the plant’s natural defenses against diseases. During the nursery stage and the initial planting period, it's important to regulate greenhouse temperatures. High temperatures and intense sunlight can stress young plants, so shading with nets or using natural cover like weeds is recommended to protect them from direct sunlight. Ventilation should also be maintained, especially during midday when temperatures rise. Opening windows or vents helps control internal temperatures and prevent overheating.
Regular monitoring of the plants is necessary to detect any signs of disease early. Infected plants must be removed immediately to prevent the spread of pathogens. Additionally, timely chemical control of aphids is critical, as they can act as vectors for viral diseases. When aphids are detected in the field, apply insecticides such as 10% Imidacloprid, 10% Thiamethoxam powder, at a rate of 10–15 grams per 30–40 kg of water. If the weather is dry, repeated spraying may be required for effective control.
In the early stages of infection, applying 1.5% Plant Virus Remedy at 100 ml per mu or 20% Virazole Wettable Powder at 70–100 grams per mu can help manage the disease. Spray every 5–7 days for 2–3 consecutive applications for optimal results. If the infection is severe, with symptoms like leaf curling and shortened internodes, adding 1 mg/kg Cytokinin to the mixture—using 50 grams per mu—can stimulate cell division and help mitigate damage more effectively.
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