June to September is the peak season for tilapia growth, but during this time, water quality changes frequently due to increased feeding and the occurrence of adverse weather. Proper water management and healthy breeding practices are essential to ensure higher production and income. Neglecting these aspects can lead to losses despite all efforts. This year’s tilapia market looks promising, but unpredictable climate conditions make water quality management even more critical. Below are some practical measures for managing water quality during the peak season, for reference only.
Maintaining good water quality starts with selecting a reliable water source. The water must be clean, stable, and free from pollution, meeting national fishery standards. It should also allow for easy water intake and drainage, with proper filtration systems in place to prevent unwanted organisms and wild fish from entering the pond. Before entering the breeding area, the water should be filtered and disinfected using lime or bleaching powder to eliminate pathogens. Additionally, trichlorfon can be used to control pests. During the rainy season, it's important to secure the inlet and outlet structures to prevent flooding and protect the fish from debris.
Fertilization plays a key role in maintaining good water quality. Organic fertilizers should be applied every 7–10 days from May to June, while inorganic fertilizers are used more frequently (every 4–6 days) from July to September. Water transparency should be maintained at around 25 cm, with a dark brown color indicating good conditions. Over-fertilization should be avoided, and organic manure, urea, and superphosphate can be used as needed. Biofertilizers may also be beneficial depending on the water temperature and conditions.
Feeding practices must be scientific to avoid water pollution. Tilapia requires balanced nutrition, with protein levels adjusted according to their size. Feeding should follow the “four principles†— timely, sufficient, uniform, and quality-based. Feed twice daily, with fixed feeding stations. Adjust feed amounts based on fish behavior and weather. Avoid overfeeding, especially at night, to reduce waste and disease risks.
Regular water exchange is crucial during hot months when water quality deteriorates quickly. Change 10–20 cm of water every 7–10 days, keeping the water level around 1.5 meters. Aeration should be done regularly, especially when dissolved oxygen drops below 3 mg/L. In reservoir cages, cleaning and adjusting the depth of cages helps maintain good water flow. Lime can be used periodically to adjust pH and improve water quality.
Disease prevention is essential. Regular disinfection with lime helps control harmful bacteria and maintain a slightly alkaline pH. Biological agents can also be used to improve microbial balance. Daily monitoring of water parameters, such as temperature, pH, and transparency, is necessary. Any signs of floating heads or dead fish should be addressed immediately to prevent disease spread.
Finally, regular inspections help prevent water quality decline. As tilapia grow rapidly, the pond becomes more crowded, increasing the risk of poor water conditions. Fish should be harvested or restocked appropriately to maintain a healthy environment. This ensures sustainable breeding and prepares for future seasons.
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