Chinese cabbage thrives in cool weather, but summer planting often presents challenges such as high temperatures, drought, and heavy rains, which can significantly reduce yields or even lead to total crop failure. To overcome these issues, farmers can effectively use shade nets to protect the crops and ensure a successful summer harvest.
One common technique is **surface shading with black netting**. After sowing the seeds and watering them, a black shade net is placed directly on top of the soil. Once the seedlings emerge, the netting is promptly removed and can be reused in another field. This method ensures uniform germination, saves labor, and protects young plants from damage caused by sudden heavy rain before they fully sprout.
Another approach is **using small arches or short flat structures**. After the initial emergence of seedlings, a low arch (about 0.8 to 1 meter high) can be placed over the crop. This provides protection against extreme heat, heavy rain, and intense sunlight. The shade net should be removed 3 to 5 days before harvesting to allow the leaves to develop their natural color, improving the crop’s marketability.
For more advanced setups, **shade net coverage in greenhouses** is an effective option. Farmers can use the framework of summer greenhouses, install horizontal tension lines along the sides, and then stretch the shade net across them. A layer of plastic film can also be added on top for extra protection against rain. This "one film, one net" system offers better resistance to adverse weather conditions.
In addition to using shade nets, it's important to select **heat- and disease-resistant varieties** such as Hot-you, Dwarf, Shanghai Cabbage, and Hangzhou Cabbage. These varieties are better suited for summer conditions. Planting should be done in stages using the broadcasting method to increase survival rates. For every 667 square meters, 1.5 to 2 kg of seeds are recommended, with seedlings spaced 6 cm apart and rows 4 cm apart.
Soil selection is also crucial. Choose well-drained loam that retains moisture and is located near water sources for easy irrigation. Watering should be done carefully—preferably using sprinklers to maintain consistent moisture without overwatering. With proper care, a typical summer cabbage crop can yield between 1,000 to 1,500 kilograms per 667 square meters, making it a viable and profitable option for summer farming.
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