Small Tail Han sheep are highly sensitive to temperature changes. As the solar terms progress, proper care and management become essential for their health and productivity. Here's a detailed guide based on the seasonal changes:
**Lichun (Start of Spring):**
After the beginning of spring, it is crucial to thoroughly disinfect the housing, premises, and equipment to prevent bacterial infections. Deworming should be done, along with protection against flies and liver flukes. The recommended daily feed amounts are 150 grams for lambs, 200 grams for ewes, and 500 grams for rams.
**Rainwater (Grain Rain):**
As temperatures fluctuate, take precautions to avoid pneumonia caused by cold exposure. A four-joint injection is recommended for the flock. Feed amounts increase to 200 grams for lambs, 250 grams for ewes, and 750 grams for rams. Pregnant ewes should be fed according to specific pregnancy guidelines. This is also an ideal time for lambing as grass begins to grow.
**Chushu (Limit of Heat):**
During this period, sheep may become weak and lose appetite. Ensure they receive adequate nutrition. Daily feed amounts should be around 250 grams for lambs, 300 grams for ewes, and similar for rams. Monitor for signs of respiratory issues, especially if the weather turns cold.
**Vernal Equinox:**
This is a lean period for sheep, so feeding must be consistent. Provide 250 grams of feed for lambs, 300 grams for ewes, and an equivalent amount for rams. Cold weather can trigger respiratory diseases like asthma, so keep them warm and well-fed.
**Ching Ming (Pure Brightness):**
Avoid overfeeding or stockpiling feed. Keep the daily intake at 250 grams for lambs, 300 grams for ewes, and the same for rams. Be cautious of poisonous plants that begin to appear. Sheep that have not seen greenery for a while may eat unfamiliar plants, leading to poisoning.
**Gu Yu (Grain Rain):**
Although sheep can graze on fresh grass, overeating can lead to digestive issues like bloating and diarrhea. Also, make sure to shear them regularly during this time.
**Xiaoxia (Minor Heat):**
From now until frost, clean the pens daily and check for parasites or blood in the feces. Ensure good ventilation and perform a thorough disinfection once a week.
**Xiaoman (Grain Buds):**
Avoid grazing on dewy grass, which can cause bloat. Check the sheep’s coat and ensure they are not too thin before going out to pasture.
**Mangzhong (Grain in Ear):**
Sheep should be kept in shaded areas during the hottest parts of the day—before 8 AM and after 5 PM. Avoid direct sunlight to prevent heatstroke.
**Xiaoshu (Slight Heat):**
Ensure the housing is dry and well-ventilated. Wet conditions can lead to skin diseases and foot rot. Keep the sheep away from muddy areas.
**Dahai (Great Heat):**
Prevent heatstroke by providing cool water. Sheep may become irritable, so offer dandelion water to drink and wash their eyes 3–4 times a day.
**Li Qiu (Beginning of Autumn):**
As temperatures drop, ensure sheep eat enough to build up fat reserves for winter. Second deworming should be done, and the flock should be prepared for winter or slaughter. August is the best time for lambs.
**Chushu (End of Summer):**
Prepare winter hay. Green hay is more nutritious than straw, so prioritize it for feeding.
**Bai Lu (White Dew):**
With crops harvested, sheep may overeat. Limit grazing time and monitor their intake of straw and weeds to avoid digestive problems.
**Qiu Fen (Autumn Equinox):**
As it gets colder, clear the pens daily and provide a three-yellow glutinous rice soup to help with internal heat and discomfort.
**Hanlu (Cold Dew):**
Shear the sheep once and apply a 0.1% trichlorfon solution weekly to prevent lice infestations.
**Shuangjiang (Frost Descent):**
Repair the shelters and ensure they are warm. Allow only cold water for drinking.
**Dongzhi (Winter Solstice):**
Store fallen hedgehog leaves as valuable feed. Each sheep should have 400 kg of winter grass available.
**Da Xue (Heavy Snow):**
Keep sheep indoors to prevent colds and pneumonia. Reduce feed slightly to avoid overfeeding, which may lead to abortion.
**Xiao Xue (Light Snow):**
Pregnant ewes should be kept warm and comfortable before lambing to prevent stillbirths. Remove any rams that are no longer useful.
**Da Xue (Heavy Snow):**
Ensure proper shelter and limit feed to avoid overfeeding, which can cause miscarriage.
**Zhan Yue (Winter Begins):**
As grass dries, stop grazing and focus on maintaining the health of your best sheep. Sell the rest if needed.
**Dongzhi (Winter Solstice):**
Continue keeping sheep warm and well-fed to protect them from colds and respiratory diseases.
By following these seasonal guidelines, you can ensure the health and productivity of your Small Tail Han sheep throughout the year.
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