In winter, the northern region experiences a significant drop in humidity and temperature, with frequent north winds. This period marks a crucial phase for chicken feeding and management. Chicken farms must pay close attention to several key aspects of poultry health care to ensure the well-being and productivity of their flocks.
First, preparation is essential. Before winter arrives, conduct a thorough inspection and maintenance of the chicken house. Seal any cracks in the walls, replace broken windows, and prepare materials like plastic film and straw curtains for insulation. For semi-open houses, remove the pergola and properly cover the plastic film. Heating systems should be checked and installed correctly. Farms using coal-fired boilers or fire broilers must inspect flue pipes and chimneys regularly, repairing or replacing them if leaks are found. Large-scale farms should also stock up on common antibiotics, disinfectants, and green feed to support chicken health.
Second, adjust the feed formula. Winter brings large temperature fluctuations, and chickens use more energy at night. Increase the energy level of the feed by 5% to 10%, and consider adding 1% to 2% animal fat. If possible, add brown sugar to drinking water. After a long laying season and summer stress, hens may be weakened. Provide more protein-rich feed to help them recover and continue laying eggs. Add vitamin C (200 mg/kg) or baking soda (0.10% to 0.15%) to improve egg production and shell quality. Include carrots or green radishes in the diet for extra vitamins. Chop the radish just before feeding.
Third, manage the flock structure. Remove low-producing hens and thin birds from new flocks. Separate moulting hens into new groups, focusing on those with bright combs, wide pelvic bones, and soft abdomens. When grouping, avoid overcrowding—keep groups between 100 to 200 hens. Monitor for fights and isolate aggressive or injured birds to prevent further issues.
Fourth, maintain proper lighting. Laying hens require consistent light to sustain egg production. Provide 16 hours of light daily, turning lights on twice: once in the early morning and again in the evening. During cloudy or snowy days, supplement with artificial light to keep the schedule stable.
Fifth, focus on daily management. Keep an eye on weather forecasts and prepare for cold snaps. Chickens are sensitive to stress, so all activities—feeding, watering, collecting eggs, and cleaning—should be done calmly to avoid disruptions. For free-range broilers, bring them indoors at night. Feed layer hens at night to ensure they eat before lights go off. Gradually transition feed over two to three weeks to prevent stress.
Sixth, maintain cleanliness. Winter is a high-risk time for respiratory diseases. Regularly disinfect the environment, equipment, and water sources. Use 0.5% spirit spray for indoor disinfection, and lime wash or caustic soda for outdoor areas. Clean tools like feeders and waterers with bacterin or disinfectant solutions. Clean vehicles and tools frequently to reduce disease spread.
Seventh, prevent gas poisoning. Poor ventilation can lead to ammonia buildup, which harms chicken health. Use dry, absorbent bedding like wood shavings, and change it regularly. Minimize watering to avoid damp litter. Use ammonia-absorbing agents like ferrous sulfate or hydrated lime to keep the air clean.
Eighth, ensure vaccination coverage. Follow a strict immunization schedule and check records to identify unvaccinated or under-vaccinated birds. Vaccines such as avian cholera, infectious bronchitis, and Newcastle disease vaccines are essential. Alongside vaccination, include preventive medications like oxytetracycline or sulfa drugs in the feed.
Ninth, monitor feces for health clues. Abnormal feces can indicate illness. White, pasty droppings may signal coccidiosis or infectious diseases. Green or bloody stools could point to infections like Marek’s or Newcastle disease. Diarrhea might suggest parasites or poisoning. Regular observation helps detect issues early.
Tenth, isolate sick birds promptly. Watch for changes in behavior, appetite, and breathing. If a bird shows signs of illness, isolate it immediately and treat it. Thoroughly disinfect the area to prevent disease spread. Regular checks and quick action are vital to maintaining a healthy flock during the cold season.
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