Symptoms: The disease primarily affects the leaves, causing distinct yellow-brown lesions that are typically polygonal in shape. As the infection progresses, these lesions expand and merge into larger, irregular spots. In severe cases, the entire leaf surface becomes covered with lesions, leading to premature leaf drop and significant damage to the plant's health.
Causal Agent and Disease Cycle: The pathogen responsible for this disease is Cercospora chionea. The disease is most common between July and September, starting from the lower leaves and gradually moving upward. Plants that are weak or under stress are more susceptible. High humidity and frequent rainfall during the rainy season contribute to the rapid spread of the pathogen. The fungus survives the winter in infected plant debris, serving as a primary source of inoculum for the next growing season.
Prevention and Control Measures: 1. Remove and destroy infected leaves in the autumn by burning them to reduce the risk of reinfection in the following year. 2. Apply fungicides such as 50% Carbendazim WP diluted at 700–1000 times or 70% Mancozeb WP at 800–1000 times. Spray every 10 days for a total of 3–4 applications, which has proven effective in both preventing and managing the disease. It’s also recommended to maintain good field hygiene, ensure proper air circulation, and avoid excessive nitrogen fertilization, which can promote disease development.
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