Filament is a specialty freshwater fish in Southeast Asia. The fish protein is rich in ingredients, high in nutritional value, and the meat is delicate, delicious, fast growth, high population yield. When the seedlings were raised in the 8 months up to 800 to 1000 grams, the largest individual up to 20 kilograms, deeply bred For consumers and consumers, they are very popular in the international market. They are a kind of high-end economic fish. They are known as the “God of God†in Vietnam and other places. As the living habits of the filaments and their ecological environment are consistent with the climate in the south of China, and there are a wide range of feed sources, a few places in China have been introduced as ornamental fish in recent years. According to relevant experts, if the use of earthen ponds to grow long silk pods, because of the close proximity of its physical and chemical factors to the natural environment, the growth rate of filaments can be greatly increased. The Fisheries Bureau of Yingshan County of Hubei Province has introduced Long Fila from the An Giang province in Vietnam through the Provincial Fisheries Science Research Institute. It has utilized the unique local geothermal resources for aquaculture and achieved success. The breeding method is briefly described as follows:
First, pond conditions Filament is a tropical fish, the water temperature is very strict requirements, the appropriate water temperature is 22 ~ 32 °C, the optimum water temperature 24 ~ 30 °C, with the decline in water temperature, the more slowly growing, when the water temperature dropped to 16 °C When you stop eating, water temperatures below 12°C will cause frostbite and death. Therefore, should choose cold, hot water, adequate water, no pollution, moderate water and fat thin, irrigation and drainage of water as aquaculture pond, an area of ​​2 to 3 acres, water depth of 2m meters or more, the water quality requirements of slightly alkaline, more than 35cm in transparency. Because the fish fins are two hard filaments extending to the caudal fin, and the fish body is wide, in order to prevent the bottom of the pool wall from scratching the fish body, an earthen pond should be used in the culture pond.
Second, seed stocking Although the long-filament water chestnuts do not require high levels of dissolved oxygen, they must also stress the methods and techniques of seedling stocking. (1) Clearance of the clear pond: Before stocking, when the water depth is 20cm per mu, throw it with 100kg of quicklime and spread it to a depth of 60cm after 2 days; (2) Fertilizer submerged pond: seedling with 150kg of green fertilizer per acre under the lower pond At the same time, 3 kg of soybean milk per acre is thrown in. After a large number of zooplankton, rotifers, and copepods have emerged in pond water, the seedlings can be seeded, and the water level of the pool water is gradually increased to about 2 m, followed by organic fertilizer. (3) Stocking Density: The stocking density directly affects the growth rate and the out-of-pool size of the filaments, and the stocking quantity should be determined according to the fish size, quality, feed source, pond ecological conditions, management level, and market conditions. Adequate, generally about 3.3cm per acre can be stocked seedlings 5 ​​000 ~ 7000, while raising 50 to 80 per acre rearing mullet; (4) stocking requirements: first introduced the requirements of pure, neat specifications, disease-free without injury, Strong physique. Secondly, the filaments should be raised monoculture. For polyculture, polyculture with filter-feeding, herbivorous fish should be adopted, and polyculture with omnivorous fish is not allowed. Finally, the fish should be sterilized when the seedlings are released. They can be bathed with 3% saline for 3 to 5 minutes or bathed with 15 to 20 ppm potassium permanganate for 15 to 20 minutes. At the same time, attention should be paid to temperature-lowering ponds, and seedlings in the low-temperature period should be susceptible to hydromycosis.
Third, the daily management of feeding and management should be done by "four fields": diligent ponds, diligent observation, diligent feeding, and prevention of disease. In the specific feeding and management, the following aspects should be done:
1. Feed feeding: In the breeding stage, the pre-feed should be based on animal feed. In the middle and late period, the full-priced pellet feed should be put. The content of crude protein in feed should reach 30% to 50%, and various nutrients should be Balance, especially animal protein content should be sufficient. Feeding the fish 24 hours after entering the pool, 2 times a day, 9 to 10 a.m., 4 to 5 p.m. one time each, feeding 50% of the fish carp and peanut cake, and stirring them by 10% to 15 of the fish's body weight. For feeding, it is also possible to use seedling compound feed in combination with silkworms, first fed for one month and then fed with compound feed. In the adult fish breeding stage, whole grain feeds with crude protein content of more than 30% can be fed, and the feed rate is 5%, which is divided into three feedings of early, middle and late dates. Since the diameter of filaments is small, attention should be paid to the choice of feed particle size. During the feeding process, a random check should be performed every two weeks to adjust the feeding amount and method of feed in conjunction with the growth and feeding of filaments.
2. Water quality regulation: With the growth of fish and the increase of feeding amount, fish excrement and residual bait deposition exceed the self-purification ability of water body and cause water quality deterioration. At this time, water quality should be adjusted in time according to the actual situation. Generally change the water every half a month, changing the amount of water should not exceed 50% of the pool water, and pay attention to the temperature difference should not exceed 2 °C. Since the silkworms like to live in a calm water body and are accustomed to moving up and down vertically, they are required to have a proper depth of water, and it is not advisable to change the water frequently or in large quantities. In a pond where filaments grow, the surface of the water should not be covered by aquatic plants. Since filaments can also survive in brackish water, they require slightly alkaline water quality, and acidic water can easily cause disease. Therefore, the pH of the water should be raised in time, and some shell ash can be sprinkled in the pond or fermented. Livestock and poultry manure and other methods to be adjusted.
3. Disease prevention and control: Saprolegniasis, rickets, white spot disease, rickets, trichoderma, and sores are frequent diseases of filaments. Filamentous silkworm disease should be mainly prevention, once the bacteria invade, it is extremely difficult to cure. Specific prevention methods are: First, keep the pool water temperature between 24 ~ 30 °C; Second, each half a month with 25ppm lime or 1ppm bleach Quanchiposa; Third, timely adjustment of water quality, often cleaning the food table, remove residual bait dirt; The fourth is to insist on feeding fresh baits and regularly add drugs to the bait to prevent disease. Fifth, to create a good environment, keep the pool walls smooth, no debris in the pool, and operate cautiously in production so as to avoid operating damage to the fish. In rainy, hot or cold weather, care should be taken to supervise and watch the ponds day and night. Problems should be found in a timely manner. In the event of disease, timely professional and technical personnel to diagnose and treat. Drugs commonly used for prevention and treatment include salt, quicklime, potassium permanganate, hydromyxin and trichlorfon and other antibiotics and insecticides.
First, pond conditions Filament is a tropical fish, the water temperature is very strict requirements, the appropriate water temperature is 22 ~ 32 °C, the optimum water temperature 24 ~ 30 °C, with the decline in water temperature, the more slowly growing, when the water temperature dropped to 16 °C When you stop eating, water temperatures below 12°C will cause frostbite and death. Therefore, should choose cold, hot water, adequate water, no pollution, moderate water and fat thin, irrigation and drainage of water as aquaculture pond, an area of ​​2 to 3 acres, water depth of 2m meters or more, the water quality requirements of slightly alkaline, more than 35cm in transparency. Because the fish fins are two hard filaments extending to the caudal fin, and the fish body is wide, in order to prevent the bottom of the pool wall from scratching the fish body, an earthen pond should be used in the culture pond.
Second, seed stocking Although the long-filament water chestnuts do not require high levels of dissolved oxygen, they must also stress the methods and techniques of seedling stocking. (1) Clearance of the clear pond: Before stocking, when the water depth is 20cm per mu, throw it with 100kg of quicklime and spread it to a depth of 60cm after 2 days; (2) Fertilizer submerged pond: seedling with 150kg of green fertilizer per acre under the lower pond At the same time, 3 kg of soybean milk per acre is thrown in. After a large number of zooplankton, rotifers, and copepods have emerged in pond water, the seedlings can be seeded, and the water level of the pool water is gradually increased to about 2 m, followed by organic fertilizer. (3) Stocking Density: The stocking density directly affects the growth rate and the out-of-pool size of the filaments, and the stocking quantity should be determined according to the fish size, quality, feed source, pond ecological conditions, management level, and market conditions. Adequate, generally about 3.3cm per acre can be stocked seedlings 5 ​​000 ~ 7000, while raising 50 to 80 per acre rearing mullet; (4) stocking requirements: first introduced the requirements of pure, neat specifications, disease-free without injury, Strong physique. Secondly, the filaments should be raised monoculture. For polyculture, polyculture with filter-feeding, herbivorous fish should be adopted, and polyculture with omnivorous fish is not allowed. Finally, the fish should be sterilized when the seedlings are released. They can be bathed with 3% saline for 3 to 5 minutes or bathed with 15 to 20 ppm potassium permanganate for 15 to 20 minutes. At the same time, attention should be paid to temperature-lowering ponds, and seedlings in the low-temperature period should be susceptible to hydromycosis.
Third, the daily management of feeding and management should be done by "four fields": diligent ponds, diligent observation, diligent feeding, and prevention of disease. In the specific feeding and management, the following aspects should be done:
1. Feed feeding: In the breeding stage, the pre-feed should be based on animal feed. In the middle and late period, the full-priced pellet feed should be put. The content of crude protein in feed should reach 30% to 50%, and various nutrients should be Balance, especially animal protein content should be sufficient. Feeding the fish 24 hours after entering the pool, 2 times a day, 9 to 10 a.m., 4 to 5 p.m. one time each, feeding 50% of the fish carp and peanut cake, and stirring them by 10% to 15 of the fish's body weight. For feeding, it is also possible to use seedling compound feed in combination with silkworms, first fed for one month and then fed with compound feed. In the adult fish breeding stage, whole grain feeds with crude protein content of more than 30% can be fed, and the feed rate is 5%, which is divided into three feedings of early, middle and late dates. Since the diameter of filaments is small, attention should be paid to the choice of feed particle size. During the feeding process, a random check should be performed every two weeks to adjust the feeding amount and method of feed in conjunction with the growth and feeding of filaments.
2. Water quality regulation: With the growth of fish and the increase of feeding amount, fish excrement and residual bait deposition exceed the self-purification ability of water body and cause water quality deterioration. At this time, water quality should be adjusted in time according to the actual situation. Generally change the water every half a month, changing the amount of water should not exceed 50% of the pool water, and pay attention to the temperature difference should not exceed 2 °C. Since the silkworms like to live in a calm water body and are accustomed to moving up and down vertically, they are required to have a proper depth of water, and it is not advisable to change the water frequently or in large quantities. In a pond where filaments grow, the surface of the water should not be covered by aquatic plants. Since filaments can also survive in brackish water, they require slightly alkaline water quality, and acidic water can easily cause disease. Therefore, the pH of the water should be raised in time, and some shell ash can be sprinkled in the pond or fermented. Livestock and poultry manure and other methods to be adjusted.
3. Disease prevention and control: Saprolegniasis, rickets, white spot disease, rickets, trichoderma, and sores are frequent diseases of filaments. Filamentous silkworm disease should be mainly prevention, once the bacteria invade, it is extremely difficult to cure. Specific prevention methods are: First, keep the pool water temperature between 24 ~ 30 °C; Second, each half a month with 25ppm lime or 1ppm bleach Quanchiposa; Third, timely adjustment of water quality, often cleaning the food table, remove residual bait dirt; The fourth is to insist on feeding fresh baits and regularly add drugs to the bait to prevent disease. Fifth, to create a good environment, keep the pool walls smooth, no debris in the pool, and operate cautiously in production so as to avoid operating damage to the fish. In rainy, hot or cold weather, care should be taken to supervise and watch the ponds day and night. Problems should be found in a timely manner. In the event of disease, timely professional and technical personnel to diagnose and treat. Drugs commonly used for prevention and treatment include salt, quicklime, potassium permanganate, hydromyxin and trichlorfon and other antibiotics and insecticides.
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