Codonopsis is named after the "Shangdang County" and is a perennial herbaceous vine of Campanulaceae. Take root medicine. Distribution northeast, northwest and other provinces. At present, the largest cultivated area is in Wuyuan County in our province, which has the reputation of "the hometown of Chinese Codonopsis." Pharmacological experiments have shown that Codonopsis can increase blood glucose, increase the amount of red blood cells and hemoglobin, increase blood concentration, reduce white blood cells, and reduce blood pressure and promote coagulation. Sweet, sexual. There is qi, blood, Sheng Jin function. For the spleen, eat less loose stools, tired limbs, shortness of breath, cough, speechlessness, blood deficiency, dizziness, palpitation, dry tongue, thirst, etc. I. Introduction to plant characteristics and varieties 1. Plant characteristics. The root is conical, fleshy, and the top is swollen with most of the stalks, commonly known as the "lion's head." The twined stems are more branched and can reach a height of 2 meters. The young part has fine white hair, leaves alternate, opposite or false, round or oval egg-shaped, nearly heart-shaped at the base, body section with milk, with a special odor. The flower is light green and has stems. Follicle conical, most of the seeds are small, brown and shiny; flowering August-September, fruiting period September-October. 2, species introduction. At present, there are many Codonopsis production areas with complex varieties and names. According to the regional proximity and quality, the products are divided into five types: the West Party, the East Party, the CCP Party, the Party, and the White Party. The West Party and the East Party are wild products, and the rest are Home variety. Second, biological characteristics 1, growth and development. The cool climate of Codonopsis is more suitable for growth in alpine areas with an altitude of 1,800 to 3,000 meters. 2. Requirements for environmental conditions. High temperatures are detrimental to their growth. The light requirements are strict, the seedlings are pleasing to the shade, and the seedlings are grown to be hi yang. Codonopsis avoids continuous cropping, and it is even prone to pests and diseases. The Codonopsis pilosula crop is best served with potatoes. Third, cultivation techniques 1, the election site preparation. Nursery should be selected semi-shady slope, loose soil fertile, humus and more, well-drained sandy loam. Mushi circle fertilizer 2000-3000 kilograms, 20-30 kilograms of diammonium phosphate, 30-50 kilograms of superphosphate, and then ploughing, squeezing fine, leveling made flat rake. It is 3-5 meters wide and its length depends on the terrain. Transplanting colonization requires shade. Planting on hillside land is not as good as sloping land. 2, breeding methods. Use seeds to reproduce, often using seedling transplanting, less use of live. (1) nursery. The seeds of the current year were sown before and after the white dew, and the germination rate was 85%. The seeds of the current year were also sown in the spring and summer of the second year, but the germination rate was low. The germination rate of Chen seeds every other year is less than 10% and cannot be used. Seedlings were selected fertile, shady plots, deep leveling, fine boring and irrigating. Sprinkle the seeds evenly with a 3 to 5 centimeter nail and cover it with straw. Seedbeds often spray water to keep the soil moist. Mu seeds 2-3 kg. The Dangdang Miaotian is not top-dressing to prevent leggy. After the seedlings are removed, the cover is removed. When the seedlings are about 6 cm high, appropriate seedlings are used to prevent excessive growth and timely weeding. (2) Transplanting. After the late autumn or spring, the soil is thawed and raised. Do not injure the roots of the seedlings. Remove the sick plants and tie them in small pieces. Autumn planting can improve the survival rate, in the entire good ground by spacing 25-30 centimeters, depth 15 centimeters ditching, and then according to the spacing of 10 cm along the planting seedlings along the ditch, covering 5 cm. Seedlings per acre 40-50 kg. 3, field management (1) cultivating weeding and top dressing. After cultivation or transplanting, Codonopsis pilosula is used for the first time when the height of seedlings is 6-10 cm. When the height of seedlings is 15-18 cm, the second time the grass is used in combination with topdressing. Codonopsis pilosula growth period should not be excessive water, adequate drought when the amount of water, topdressing with urea or phosphate fertilizer 10-15 kg / mu. (2) scaffolding and seed collection. When the codonopsis seedling is 30 cm high, use bamboo sticks or branches to intervene between the rows so that the vines are wrapped around them. When the fruit changes from green to yellow-white, when the seeds turn yellowish-brown, the stems are cut off and dried, shaking the seeds, removing the impurities, storing them in a cloth bag, and placing it in a dry and ventilated place. If you do not pick the seeds, you can cut them at any time when they are more than 30 centimeters long. 4, pest control (1) rust. It is easy to attack in wet and humid seasons. Control methods: After Dendrobium nobile seedlings are dried, the garden is cleaned in a timely manner and the diseased leaves are burnt. In the early stage of the disease, 500-600 times of Zeson Zinc was sprayed; or 600-800 times of Triadimefon was used. (2) Root rot. Cold and rainy seasons are easy to attack. Prevention: Pay attention to drainage. At the beginning of the disease, the roots were watered with 50% carbendazim WP 500 times. (3) Underground pests. There are mainly earthworms, ground tigers, and golden worms, which harm the roots. 3911, phoxim, etc. can be used for poisoning. Method is: Mu 3911 or phoxim 0.50 kg, 5 kg of water, mix in 10-20 kg of oil residue, throw it into the ground before turning, with the sprinkle with the turn to prevent the reduction of efficacy. Fourth, harvesting processing is generally one year after transplanting, dig out the roots, shake off the soil, dry them to the softness according to the size of the thickness and thickness, and then dry them by hand and then dry them 3-4 times. The codonopsis area also has a method of classifying the roots according to their size, using nylon ropes to grow a string of 3-5 meters, and hanging on racks that have been previously set up to dry. The advantage of this method is that it can save the drying space and it is conducive to ventilation and drying. Thick bars, tight skin, soft and sweet taste are preferred. The dry rate is about 2:1. The yield per mu is 300-400 kg. China Agricultural Network Editor
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