The main cultivation techniques for developing green food tea

The establishment of a pollution-free ecological tea garden, the prevention of pesticide pollution in tea, the development of green tea food, and the sustainable development of the tea industry are particularly urgent and necessary in our city. Its main cultivation techniques are as follows: The establishment of a green food tea production base with excellent environmental conditions Green food is one of the standards for pollution-free, safe, high-quality, nutritious foods and green food teas. It means that the tea plantation (tea production base) must meet the eco-environmental standards for green food production areas. Mainly include the atmosphere, water, soil and other environments. There must be no atmospheric pollution sources for the tea plantation and its surroundings. In particular, there must be no pollution sources at the upwind outlet, such as chemical plants and cement plants. The concentrations of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, total suspended particulates, and fluorine in the atmosphere must be within the standard limits. The requirements for water must meet the needs of water in the production of green foods. The irrigation water for tea gardens cannot contain pollutants, especially heavy metals and toxic and hazardous substances such as mercury, lead, chromium, cadmium, phenol, benzene, and cyanide. Soil requirements The tea plantation is located in a normal area of ​​soil elemental value. There are no metal or non-metal mines in the tea plantation and its surroundings. There is no artificial pollution and there is no pesticide residue in the soil. At the same time, areas with high soil organic matter content are selected as the green food tea production areas. 2. The comprehensive cultivation techniques for enhancing tea plant resistance and reducing pollution Green tea must be pollution-free, high-quality, and nutrient-friendly. In combination with China's national conditions, it must also consider the economic benefits of production. Therefore, improved varieties should be selected to improve tea plants' resistance to pests and diseases and stress resistance. The use of scientific cultivation and management measures to reduce tea product pollution is the basis and means of producing green food tea. 2.1. Cultivate high-quality and strong seedlings Use varieties with high yield, good quality, stout shoots, and high economic benefits, establish a high-quality, good-quality seedling nursery base, and cultivate high-quality strong seedlings with strong resistance. 2.2. The fertile soil is selected according to the standard, the soil is deep, the slope is small, the soil and water conservation, the water source conditions are good, the mechanical operation is suitable for the site conditions, the open garden area is to be digging big trenches, the tea garden irrigation and drainage facilities are well done, the organic fertilizer is re-used, and high standards are established. High quality new tea garden. 2.3. The selection of high-resistance and high-quality varieties is the basis for the reduction of diseases and insects and the improvement of quality. For example, tea varieties with high cutin thickness and tea tannin content are highly resistant to diseases and insects. 3. Appropriate soil, fertilizer and water management 3.1. Grass planting in the tea garden can prevent soil erosion, inhibit the growth of weeds, increase soil organic matter, and promote the growth of tea plants. Tea garden ground cover can be used green fertilizer stems, leaves, tender grass, soybean meal, crop straw, etc., laying a thickness of about 10cm is appropriate. 3.2. Reasonable fertilization of tea garden fertilizer must be allowed by the green food production base for the use of fertilizers, mainly farm fertilizers, commodity organic fertilizers, humic acid fertilizers, microbial fertilizers, organic compound fertilizers, inorganic (mineral) fertilizers, foliar fertilizers. Tea gardens that declare aa-grade green foods are prohibited from using other chemical synthetic fertilizers, and tea gardens that report a-grade green foods may use limited chemical synthesis fertilizers, but the use of nitrate nitrogen fertilizers is prohibited. Fertilizers must be applied in conjunction with organic fertilizers. The ratio of organic nitrogen to inorganic nitrogen is 1:1, approximately 1,000 kg of manure and 20 kg of urea. The last topdressing must be done 30 days before picking, and the foliar fertilizer must be sprayed 20 days before picking. 3.3. Soil Nutrition Management in Tea Plantations Establish a soil base for green food production: Maintain or increase soil organic matter content, soil biological activity, and increase soil fertility. Tea gardens improve soil water, fertilizer, gas, and heat (temperature) conditions and promote the growth of tea plants through various reasonable cultivation techniques. For example, the effect of cultivating and weeding can loosen the soil and increase the permeability; weed the weeds, increase the organic matter of the soil; ripen the soil and thicken the living soil layer. 4. Tea Plant Pest Management 4.1. Agricultural control is the foundation of comprehensive prevention The agricultural control measures in tea cultivation are various. Selection of disease resistant insects with thick cuticle thickness and high tea tannin content. Through proper planting, the occurrence of pests and diseases is reduced; weeding and weeding are used to make tea caterpillars, tea-footed hawksbills, tea seed weevil, tea weevil larvae, and cockroaches all exposed to the surface and die, and the parasitic sites of the pests can be reduced. Reasonable fertilization, a reasonable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, make the tea tree nutrient balance, enhance the resistance to pests and diseases. Reasonable multiple batch picking can inhibit the occurrence of tea aphids and small green leafhoppers, and can also eliminate some aphid pests. In the clear garden in winter, the litter and weed straw in the tea garden are cleared out of the park and burned or buried deeply, which can reduce the initial infestation source in the coming year and reduce the pest damage. 4.2. Vigorously promote biological control and develop applied attractants (1) Treat bacteria with insects: Use the bacterial pesticide Bacillus thuringiensis (bt cream, 8010, and Qingchuang 6) to control lepidoptera pests such as tea caterpillars and tea feet, using Liuyangmycin Prevent tea tree damage. (2) Treatment with bacteria: A variety of antibiotics, such as agricultural antibiotics—actinone, polyoxin, jinggangmycin, mold-producing fungi, and kasugamycin, have been used to prevent and treat tea pests. . (3) Sex attractants control pests: Sex attractants are non-toxic and have no lethal effects on natural enemies, and do not produce insect-resistant pheromones that cause insect resistance. According to reports, dozens of insect sex attractants have been synthesized so far. There are tea leaf roller moth sex attractants and tea caterpillars and tea foot suckers. (4) Physical control methods: Using the phototaxis of certain pests, light trapping and killing adults can use incandescent lamps or black light lamps to seduce and kill, but light trapping must avoid the peak period of beneficial insects under the lights. 4.3. Strengthen monitoring of pests and diseases in tea gardens, safe and rational use of pesticides (1) Strengthen pest monitoring, and timely prevention and control. According to the situation of the tea plantation and the situation of picking, divide the type, "check and fix" the appropriate period of control and object garden. Prevention and control should be carried out in the early stage of pests and diseases. Efficient and low-toxicity low-residue pesticides should be selected, and heroin, kung fu, buprofezin, and insecticide should be used to achieve timely administration and one drug. (2) Alternating compounding medication. The pesticides used for rotation should be selected as far as possible with pesticides with different mechanisms. Organophosphorus, carbamates, pyrethroids, organic nitrogen, insecticides and biological agents that inhibit the formation of insect chitin should be killed as much as possible. The category of worm mechanism is used for rotation. The rotation of pesticides that alternately use different mechanisms of action is the most effective way to delay drug resistance. It is also a good way to treat diseases and pests, enhance drug efficacy, reduce pesticide pollution, and reduce production costs. (3) Improve spray technology and control the dosage. (4) Strict implementation of pesticide residue standards and safety intervals. At present, the most serious pesticide residue in tea is ddt. Therefore, it is strictly forbidden to use dicofol, which is rich in ddt, to control the amount of tea residue, and to implement a safe interval after the use of pesticides. Natural degradation of pesticides to a certain level can be achieved only after tea is picked. Especially for insecticides that have long-lasting effects, such as peony, bufalin, and Bataan.

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