In order to discuss the best mode of head lice in ponds in Guangdong Province, we summarized the experience of breeding in various regions and combined with the situation of fisheries in Guangdong Province to formulate the 80:20 mode of operation for head lice in ponds. The technical specifications of this regulation are: 525 kg per mu for feeding quality fish, 75 kg for filter-feeding fish, including 400 kg for head bream, 125 kg for carp, 75 kg for carp; the feed coefficient for pellet feed is 2.0 - 2.2.
I. Fish pond conditions
1. The area of ​​fish ponds is 3-5 acres, and the area of ​​fish ponds is 8-15 acres. The maximum size is not more than 20 acres, so as to avoid the difference in the size of the outlet pond caused by uneven feeding. The depth of the fish pond is more than 1.5 meters. The bottom of the pond is free of seepage and water leakage. The bottom of the pond is flat and the depth of silt at the bottom of the pool is no more than 20 cm. 2, the fish pond into the drainage system, adult fish pond equipped with aerator, every 5 acres of fish pond with 3 kilowatts aerator. 3. It is required that the fish pond be relatively concentrated and contiguous so as to facilitate management.
Second, water quality
1, adequate water, fresh water without pollution. 2. The water clarity is 25-35 cm. 3. The dissolved oxygen in the pool water should not be lower than 2.0 mg/L in the morning. 4. The pH of the pool is between 7-8. 5, regular injection and drainage during cultivation. From January to September, water injection will be conducted once every half month, each time water injection is 20-30 centimeters, and the weather and water quality will be injected and drained in time.
Third, fish species stocking
The head lice head has a good effect in raising the fish and can feed mixed oysters and squid. The group head seedlings should be selected from the original generation of silt lake or the first-grade seedlings of the Pujiang River. Do not use degraded seedlings. The specifications of the fish should be uniform, and the body should be strong and free of injuries. Before stocking, fish species must be sterilized with clear ponds such as quicklime, and the head lice must have a weak ability to catch food. Fish species are soaked in 20 ppm potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes or soaked in 5% salt water for 3-5 minutes before stocking.
The best time for stocking is between December of the previous year and January of the same year. The stock of fish is released first when stocking, and mixed fish reared on 15 days later.
Group head carp species were reared in a secondary pool, and then the group head carp seedlings were bred into a summer flower of 0.5 g (about 3 cm) per tail for 20-30 days, then cultivated in ponds for 6 months, and reared for 50 fish per tail. Grams (40 tails per kilogram) of large size fish species. Two large-sized fingerlings are placed into adult fish ponds to directly develop commercial fish. The area ratio of adult fish ponds to fish ponds is 85:15.
Fourth, feed and domestication feeding
The main pellet feed (or tilapia pellet feed) mainly requires the formula to be reasonable, complete nutrition, good water stability, no mildew, and uniform particles. Adult fish feed grain size 4 mm, fish feed grain size 2 mm. Each day is fed with a certain amount of green feed, such as ryegrass (January - May), elephant grass, duckweed (May-October), bitter vegetables (April-September), and some other dry grass plants (April-October) ). Feeding adherence to the principle of “quasi-determinism†of quality, positioning, timing, and quantification, feeding 2-3 times a day from May to September, feeding 1-2 times a day in other months. The feed is evenly distributed, and the food table faces the sun toward the south and is located about 80 centimeters underwater. When the fish ponds are reared in fish ponds, special food places for fish species should be set. Before the feeding, knock on the barrel, wait a few seconds, then sprinkle 2-3 of the feed on the table. Repeat this for 45 minutes each time, 3 times a day, after 5-6 days, form a floating surface on the cluster. Grab the habit of eating. After successful domestication, each time the feed is fed, the bucket is sprinkled and the feed is fed for about 30 minutes each time (if conditions are available, an electric feeder can be used). Feeding quantity and feeding frequency can be adjusted according to temperature, weather, fish specifications, etc. For example, when the fish weighs 25-100 grams, they are fed 3 times a day. When 100 grams or more are fed 2 times a day, the annual feeding amount is arranged as follows: In 3-5 months, they are 5%, 10% of the body weight, respectively. 14%, 18%, 18%, 18%, 10%, 3%, 1% are all 3% of body weight from December to January. According to the following water temperature difference, calculate and adjust the feeding amount (measured temperature at the water depth of 50 cm): feeding rate is lower than 15 °C when the rate of 1%, once every other day; 16-19 °C, feeding the calculation of 60% Once a day; at 20-24 °C, feed 80% of the calculated amount, 1-2 times a day; at 25-29 °C, feed 100% of the calculated amount, 2-3 times a day; 30-32 °C, Feed 80% of the calculated amount, 1-2 times per day; when the water temperature is higher than 33°C, only the amount of fish that can feed is observed.
Green fodder can supplement some of the nutritional deficiencies of artificial compound feeds. The head lice are herbivorous fish. The head lice must be fed with certain green fodder supplements every day to reduce the amount of concentrate feed, reduce feed costs, and promote fish growth. .
V. Breeding mode
Adopt the 80:20 main support group head locust model to rapidly cultivate large-sized fish species and develop commercial fishes in 12-16 months. Feed pellet feeds, supplemented with green feed. The head fish of the head of the group was selected from the original species of muddy lake or the improved variety of Pujiang No.1, and the compound carp that did not breed in the following year, was easy to catch, had large individuals, and grew rapidly.
Sixth, catching big fish and staying small, balanced listing
From October to October, hot-water fish were caught once a month, and the production of hot-water fish accounted for more than 80% of the annual planned production. The operation of hot-water fish requires careful, skilled, and brisk operation, and the activation of aerators will reach the listed specifications. The fish were sold in time for sale, and the chlorine preparations such as bleaching powder were splashed on the next day after catching hot fish to prevent bacterial diseases.
VII. Management
Mainly to do a good job of water quality regulation, feed feeding, fish disease prevention and control of the three aspects of work, establish and improve the file system of fish ponds, detailed records. The fish growth was measured regularly with a throw net for 20 days. According to the water temperature, weather and fish specifications, the amount of feed was controlled flexibly to prevent overfeeding and underfeeding and affecting the normal growth of fish.
I. Fish pond conditions
1. The area of ​​fish ponds is 3-5 acres, and the area of ​​fish ponds is 8-15 acres. The maximum size is not more than 20 acres, so as to avoid the difference in the size of the outlet pond caused by uneven feeding. The depth of the fish pond is more than 1.5 meters. The bottom of the pond is free of seepage and water leakage. The bottom of the pond is flat and the depth of silt at the bottom of the pool is no more than 20 cm. 2, the fish pond into the drainage system, adult fish pond equipped with aerator, every 5 acres of fish pond with 3 kilowatts aerator. 3. It is required that the fish pond be relatively concentrated and contiguous so as to facilitate management.
Second, water quality
1, adequate water, fresh water without pollution. 2. The water clarity is 25-35 cm. 3. The dissolved oxygen in the pool water should not be lower than 2.0 mg/L in the morning. 4. The pH of the pool is between 7-8. 5, regular injection and drainage during cultivation. From January to September, water injection will be conducted once every half month, each time water injection is 20-30 centimeters, and the weather and water quality will be injected and drained in time.
Third, fish species stocking
The head lice head has a good effect in raising the fish and can feed mixed oysters and squid. The group head seedlings should be selected from the original generation of silt lake or the first-grade seedlings of the Pujiang River. Do not use degraded seedlings. The specifications of the fish should be uniform, and the body should be strong and free of injuries. Before stocking, fish species must be sterilized with clear ponds such as quicklime, and the head lice must have a weak ability to catch food. Fish species are soaked in 20 ppm potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes or soaked in 5% salt water for 3-5 minutes before stocking.
The best time for stocking is between December of the previous year and January of the same year. The stock of fish is released first when stocking, and mixed fish reared on 15 days later.
Group head carp species were reared in a secondary pool, and then the group head carp seedlings were bred into a summer flower of 0.5 g (about 3 cm) per tail for 20-30 days, then cultivated in ponds for 6 months, and reared for 50 fish per tail. Grams (40 tails per kilogram) of large size fish species. Two large-sized fingerlings are placed into adult fish ponds to directly develop commercial fish. The area ratio of adult fish ponds to fish ponds is 85:15.
Fourth, feed and domestication feeding
The main pellet feed (or tilapia pellet feed) mainly requires the formula to be reasonable, complete nutrition, good water stability, no mildew, and uniform particles. Adult fish feed grain size 4 mm, fish feed grain size 2 mm. Each day is fed with a certain amount of green feed, such as ryegrass (January - May), elephant grass, duckweed (May-October), bitter vegetables (April-September), and some other dry grass plants (April-October) ). Feeding adherence to the principle of “quasi-determinism†of quality, positioning, timing, and quantification, feeding 2-3 times a day from May to September, feeding 1-2 times a day in other months. The feed is evenly distributed, and the food table faces the sun toward the south and is located about 80 centimeters underwater. When the fish ponds are reared in fish ponds, special food places for fish species should be set. Before the feeding, knock on the barrel, wait a few seconds, then sprinkle 2-3 of the feed on the table. Repeat this for 45 minutes each time, 3 times a day, after 5-6 days, form a floating surface on the cluster. Grab the habit of eating. After successful domestication, each time the feed is fed, the bucket is sprinkled and the feed is fed for about 30 minutes each time (if conditions are available, an electric feeder can be used). Feeding quantity and feeding frequency can be adjusted according to temperature, weather, fish specifications, etc. For example, when the fish weighs 25-100 grams, they are fed 3 times a day. When 100 grams or more are fed 2 times a day, the annual feeding amount is arranged as follows: In 3-5 months, they are 5%, 10% of the body weight, respectively. 14%, 18%, 18%, 18%, 10%, 3%, 1% are all 3% of body weight from December to January. According to the following water temperature difference, calculate and adjust the feeding amount (measured temperature at the water depth of 50 cm): feeding rate is lower than 15 °C when the rate of 1%, once every other day; 16-19 °C, feeding the calculation of 60% Once a day; at 20-24 °C, feed 80% of the calculated amount, 1-2 times a day; at 25-29 °C, feed 100% of the calculated amount, 2-3 times a day; 30-32 °C, Feed 80% of the calculated amount, 1-2 times per day; when the water temperature is higher than 33°C, only the amount of fish that can feed is observed.
Green fodder can supplement some of the nutritional deficiencies of artificial compound feeds. The head lice are herbivorous fish. The head lice must be fed with certain green fodder supplements every day to reduce the amount of concentrate feed, reduce feed costs, and promote fish growth. .
V. Breeding mode
Adopt the 80:20 main support group head locust model to rapidly cultivate large-sized fish species and develop commercial fishes in 12-16 months. Feed pellet feeds, supplemented with green feed. The head fish of the head of the group was selected from the original species of muddy lake or the improved variety of Pujiang No.1, and the compound carp that did not breed in the following year, was easy to catch, had large individuals, and grew rapidly.
Sixth, catching big fish and staying small, balanced listing
From October to October, hot-water fish were caught once a month, and the production of hot-water fish accounted for more than 80% of the annual planned production. The operation of hot-water fish requires careful, skilled, and brisk operation, and the activation of aerators will reach the listed specifications. The fish were sold in time for sale, and the chlorine preparations such as bleaching powder were splashed on the next day after catching hot fish to prevent bacterial diseases.
VII. Management
Mainly to do a good job of water quality regulation, feed feeding, fish disease prevention and control of the three aspects of work, establish and improve the file system of fish ponds, detailed records. The fish growth was measured regularly with a throw net for 20 days. According to the water temperature, weather and fish specifications, the amount of feed was controlled flexibly to prevent overfeeding and underfeeding and affecting the normal growth of fish.