Recently, farmers in Shandong, Hebei, and other provinces reported that the diseases of the mushrooms they planted were severe, and many showed yellowing, shrinkage, death, and odor. Analysis of illnesses is nothing more than intrusive diseases and physiological diseases. Moreover, these diseases mostly occur in the cold season, and relatively less when the temperature of the shed is above 15°C. The prevention and treatment of major diseases are proposed for reference.
First, the main disease symptoms and causes
1. Cap spot disease. Since the beginning of the young mushroom, the spots on the cap are yellow or yellow-brown with spots of varying sizes. The edges are mostly neat and irregular spots appear. The spot grows with the development of the mushroom body. Spots were born and the meat and meat tissue was slightly rigid.
Spot disease is a bacterial infestation disease. The cause is mostly due to improper water spray. After attaching the water droplets on the lid of the bacteria, due to the low temperature of the greenhouse, poor ventilation, and low water evaporation, the water droplets cover for a long time, making the bacteria invade. Staining causes the epidermal tissue to become discolored, forming spots or plaques.
2. Young mushrooms shrink and die. As soon as the young mushroom has completed its differentiation, it begins to yellow, become soft, and then dies. In severe cases, the mushroom has already become discolored and died at the stage of mushroom bud before differentiation.
The cause of this disease is the deterioration of the cultivated environment. There are a large number of pathogens above the ground around the mushroom shed and in the soil. Second, the mushroom shed has not been thoroughly sterilized before use. Once the shed is tamped, the temperature is Appropriate and large moisture and poor ventilation, the pathogen gradually become active, and the cultivation of the base material is relatively rich in nutrients, to its reproduction and growth to create a good material conditions.
3. Smelly mushroom body. The mushroom body becomes soft and brown until it rots and gives off a foul smell.
The main causes of this disease are temperature and stability, high humidity, and poor ventilation.
4. Bacteria rims appear white with white powder. This phenomenon has been observed in both mushroom and adult mushrooms. The development of the mushroom body is slow, the cap of the mushroom is rough, the structure of the bacteria meat is tight, and the mushroom body becomes brittle. This is a typical physiological disease caused by low temperatures.
5. Nodules or burrs appear on the cap, and even produce "small caps." The temperature of the shed is low, especially when it is exposed to continuous rainy weather. The temperature of the shed has been between 4°C and 6°C, and the nodule has different degrees of performance.
6. The stipe is not smooth and the cap is very small. This is a typical symptom of poor ventilation.
Second, the main control measures
1. Clear dead buds, dead mushrooms, and destroy the material table about 0.2 centimeters thick, using drugs to sterilize. The specific method is: After the disease is found, stop mushroom shed water, the dead mushrooms and other removal, and use a small iron tweezers to remove the material table about 0.2 cm thick to expose the new material. Clean all the waste, spray 60 to 80 times the mushroom scorpion disease solution to the ward, serious disease can use the original solution or 10 to 20 times solution brushing, and then spray once every other day, and then close the mushroom shed 2 Hours or so, the drug works, followed by ventilation and other management.
2. Take measures to increase the greenhouse temperature so that Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium and its fruit bodies are under suitable temperature conditions and improve their resistance. Into the deep winter season, the temperature inside the shed is low, and the peasant can adopt the combination of the warming of the sun and the warming of the stove to increase the shed temperature. The specific method is: Under the plastic film in the shed, add a layer of black plastic film, and open the haystack in sunny weather from 9:00 am to 3:00 pm and warm it with sunlight. However, when the weather is cloudy, rain, snow, fog, etc., the stove should be ignited in the shed to raise the temperature. It is best to build a fire wall in advance, and use bricks, billets, etc. to build a long floor of the fire wall, both as a chimney and to discharge the exhaust gas. It has also played a role in warming up, and it is a necessary measure to increase the temperature of the greenhouse in the absence of the sun.
3. To strengthen ventilation, especially in the contradiction between moisture and ventilation, ventilation should be the main, supplemented by moisturizing. Ventilation should be done from 10 am to 2 pm to minimize the temperature drop in the shed.
4. Spray prevention. The mushroom shed was completely sterilized and sterilized. When the bacterium bag was sterilized until the mushroom was harvested, it was sprayed once again every 80 days on the wall and floor of the shed. Precautions: Do not touch the fruiting body during the medication during the mushrooming.
5. Pay attention to nutritional balance and promote the robustness of mycelium and fruit bodies. According to the study, all medium materials including cottonseed hulls cannot fully meet their growth needs, especially the lack of certain trace elements, which causes some abnormal phenomena in fruit body growth. The specific method for supplementing nutrition is to add the edible fungi three-dimensional nutrient essence to the raw materials in the seasoning. In the stage of the fruiting bodies, the mushroom can be directly sprayed with the three-dimensional nutrition essence of the edible fungi and can receive anti-miscellaneous and disease-preventing diseases. , high yield, high quality results.
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