In recent years, the protection of vegetable protection sites has been severely harmed. The main reason is that the protected sites are in a relatively confined environment. Gases such as ammonia and nitrous acid produced by fertilizers cannot be effectively diffused; Fertilizers, but also the lack of rain and a large number of irrigation leaching, resulting in a large number of these fertilizers accumulated in the soil, causing physiological disorders of vegetables. Mainly manifested as poor root development, less new roots, brown roots, water-soaked leaves above the ground, yellow-white leaves or light brown leaves, severe leaf dehydration and wilting, death of some plants. After analyzing the symptoms and causes of fertilizer damage, the following measures can be taken:
First, balanced fertilization. According to the demand for nutrients at different stages of vegetable growth, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be used for balanced fertilization. Nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to reduce nitrogen, stabilize phosphorus, and increase potassium. Organic fertilizer, NPK, and trace elements and fertilizers should be applied together.
Second, increase the use of fully cooked organic farmyard fertilizers to improve soil fertility. Organic manure is applied in vegetable fields. Organic colloids are formed during the decomposing process. Organic colloids have strong adsorption ability to cations. When chemical fertilizers are applied to soil, cations are mostly adsorbed by colloids, so the concentration of soil solution will not rise. Too high can increase the buffer capacity of soil nutrients and greatly reduce the possibility of fertilizer damage.
Third, control the amount of fertilizer to moderate level is appropriate. As long as the amount of chemical fertilizers is controlled, the fertilizer damage will be greatly reduced. Generally, ammonium bicarbonate should not exceed 30 kg per 667 square meters, and urea should not exceed 10 kg.
Fourth, promote deep-applied, stratified application of all methods, should not be spread on the surface to achieve the integration of soil and fertilizer, fertilizer evenly distributed in the entire cultivation layer. Acupuncture points should be more than 10 cm from the roots of the crop. At the same time, pay attention to fertilization to properly water, keep the soil moist, reduce the solution, to avoid concentration damage.
Fifth, the application of granular fertilizer. At present, there are many compound or mixed grain fertilizers, some of which contain about 15% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, some of which are 10% and so on, which is the so-called nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer. This fertilizer is often in the form of granular fertilizer. Although the total nutrients of granular fertilizers are large, most of them change from quick-acting to slow-acting. The particles need to be softened in the soil, and the nutrients are gradually released. This avoids suddenly causing high concentrations of soil solution and burns the root system.
First, balanced fertilization. According to the demand for nutrients at different stages of vegetable growth, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be used for balanced fertilization. Nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to reduce nitrogen, stabilize phosphorus, and increase potassium. Organic fertilizer, NPK, and trace elements and fertilizers should be applied together.
Second, increase the use of fully cooked organic farmyard fertilizers to improve soil fertility. Organic manure is applied in vegetable fields. Organic colloids are formed during the decomposing process. Organic colloids have strong adsorption ability to cations. When chemical fertilizers are applied to soil, cations are mostly adsorbed by colloids, so the concentration of soil solution will not rise. Too high can increase the buffer capacity of soil nutrients and greatly reduce the possibility of fertilizer damage.
Third, control the amount of fertilizer to moderate level is appropriate. As long as the amount of chemical fertilizers is controlled, the fertilizer damage will be greatly reduced. Generally, ammonium bicarbonate should not exceed 30 kg per 667 square meters, and urea should not exceed 10 kg.
Fourth, promote deep-applied, stratified application of all methods, should not be spread on the surface to achieve the integration of soil and fertilizer, fertilizer evenly distributed in the entire cultivation layer. Acupuncture points should be more than 10 cm from the roots of the crop. At the same time, pay attention to fertilization to properly water, keep the soil moist, reduce the solution, to avoid concentration damage.
Fifth, the application of granular fertilizer. At present, there are many compound or mixed grain fertilizers, some of which contain about 15% of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, some of which are 10% and so on, which is the so-called nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer. This fertilizer is often in the form of granular fertilizer. Although the total nutrients of granular fertilizers are large, most of them change from quick-acting to slow-acting. The particles need to be softened in the soil, and the nutrients are gradually released. This avoids suddenly causing high concentrations of soil solution and burns the root system.
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