As the saying goes: "Herb is a treasure, expired is grass." This shows that the seasonal harvest of Chinese herbal medicines is very strong. Whether or not timely harvesting is related to the level of active ingredients of Chinese herbal medicines, the quality of the products, and the price of expensive ingredients.
First, the bark herbs harvest: usually at the turn of spring and summer, vigorous plant growth, sap flow should be removed as soon as possible. At this time, the bark juice is abundant, the growth of the formation layer is the most active, and the skin and the xylem are most easily separated, such as bark of Eucommia ulmoides, Phellodendron chinense, Magnolia officinalis, and cinnamon. The harvesting method is: generally stripping ring blocks or adopting “skinning regeneration method†for harvesting.
Second, the harvest of flowers and herbs: This type of medicinal herbs picking seasonal strong, such as Magnolia flowers, coltsfoot flowers, honeysuckle, etc. to pick open buds for medicinal purposes; green plum to pick flowers to be open to medicine; chrysanthemum, The gardenia, safflower, and saffron have to pick flowers or flowers in bloom for medicinal use. Harvesting method: Choose sunny days to pick in batches, pick it in the basket after picking, avoid squeezing, and pay attention to shading to prevent sun discoloration.
Third, the whole herb medicine harvest: usually in the lush growth of branches and leaves, early flower harvest, such as Nepeta, rugosa, andrographolide, motherwort, plantain, lobelia and so on. However, some should be harvested before flowering, such as Perrin, Artemisia annua, etc.; others are the acquisition of tender seedlings, such as Chunchaihu, etc.; and verbena should be taken after flowering. A very small number of roots should be dug up and used as medicines, such as Northern Asarum and Viola diteri. Harvesting method: cut or dig.
Fourth, the harvest of leafy medicinal herbs: Generally, the leaf of the plant grows vigorously, the leaf color is dark green, and the buds are harvested before they are opened, such as Daqingye, Perilla leaves, Artemisia leaves, and other varieties. Once the plants have blossomed, the nutrients stored in the leaves will be transferred to flowers and fruits, thereby reducing the quality of leafy herbs. There are also a very small number of leafy herbs that should be picked after frost in autumn, such as mulberry leaves, ginkgo biloba, etc., while the cilantro leaves are harvested after falling leaves. Harvesting method: Picking, cutting or picking.
5. Harvest of roots and rhizomes: When the plants are growing, they will consume nutrients stored in the roots. Therefore, most of them are in the dormant period of plants, that is, harvesting roots and rhizomes after defoliation in autumn and winter and early spring in the following year. Such as Astragalus, Codonopsis, Salvia, Campanulaceae, Dan, Digupi, Qianhu and so on. At this time, the contents of nutrients and active ingredients stored in underground roots and rhizomes are the highest, and harvesting can avoid flowering and convulsions, thereby avoiding hollowness or lignification and losing medicinal value. A few herbs such as Angelica, Angelica, Chuanxiong should be harvested during the growth period. The harvesting period varies from species to species, such as Achyranthes bidentata, Radix Isatidis, etc., which can be excavated in the year of cultivation. Ginseng, Coptis, and American ginseng are cultivated for 4-5 years before they can be harvested. Harvesting method: Choose sunny days or cloudy days after raining, and dig out with steamed bread or special tools when the soil is moist. During the excavation, keep the root bark intact to avoid damage and reduce the quality of herbs.
Sixth, root bark medicines harvested: harvested with the same roots. First excavate the root from the soil, and then beat or rub to separate the skin from the wood core, such as root barks of Acanthopanax and Polygala.
VII. Harvest of fruits and herbs: Most fruit herbs are harvested when the fruit is fully mature, such as mirrow, yellow peony, barley, pepper, star anise, etc.; some also require fruit ripening after frostbite, such as After the hawthorn cream turns red, the wolfberry pods are only harvested when they turn yellow, and some should be harvested when the fruit is immature, such as green skin, citrus, orange and so on. Medicinal materials with inconsistent fruit ripening periods, such as hawthorn, must be harvested as soon as they are cooked and harvested. Premature harvesting of meat with low yield leads to expired harvested meat floss and poor quality. Juicy berries, such as scorpions, hawthorn, etc., should be squeezed and turned after picking. Harvesting method: Pick or cut. Fruits on the same fruit sequence are mature, such as Ligustrum lucidum, Schisandra chinensis, etc., and the entire inflorescence sequence can be cut, and the fruit can be picked up after a few days.
VIII. Harvesting of Seed Herbs: Most seed medicines should be harvested when the fruit is fully ripe and when the grain is full, such as yams, cassia seed, psoralen, and schizophrenia. Some pods of seeds, if the fruit is completely mature, the pods crack, the seeds lost, difficult to collect, must be harvested earlier, such as impatient son, yamuzi, soybean meal and so on. The medicinal materials that are inconsistent in the maturity of the seed and fall off during mature period, such as psoralen, should be followed along with the harvest. Harvesting method: Take off after seeding or cutting. Dried fruits are generally taken out after drying and the berries are usually collected after being beaten. If flesh is also used for medicinal purposes, flesh can be peeled off first, leaving seeds or fruit cores such as quinones, etc. Some of the flesh can not be used as a medicinal product, such as yuli, almonds, etc.
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