The main diseases caused by wheat white panicles are wheat full-bleeding, wheat root rot, wheat sheath blight, and wheat scab, and the first three diseases can be better treated with some cultivation and drug treatment measures before wheat sowing. Effect, the latter kind of disease (wheat head blight) needs to use resistant varieties or drug control when wheat heading. Now introduce disease symptoms and the prevention and treatment measures taken.
First, the main symptoms of disease:
1, wheat full-blown disease. Wheat full-blown disease is a typical basal disease, and the white spike is caused by the damage to the root and stem base. Wheat can be susceptible to disease during the whole growing period, and the seedling stage is susceptible to disease. The roots become dark brown, and those with severe diseases cause blacking and death of the whole root system. Light plants exhibit yellowing of the aboveground leaves, short plants, and poor growth, similar to drought and lack of fertilizer. shape. There were no obvious symptoms in the above-ground part of the puerperal stage. Only the seriously ill plants showed a short dwarf and the base yellow leaves were more. There are many yellow leaves in the jointing stage, and the severely diseased plants are dwarfed and sparse at the late jointing stage. The leaves turn yellow from bottom to top. Clusters or spots of diseased plants appeared at the heading filling stage and the early ear of the ear appeared, and a "black plaster"-like black mycelium layer was formed on the inside of the stem base sheath. The disease has a tendency to disappear automatically, that is, the disease will automatically reduce after several years.
2, wheat root rot. Wheat root rot is also known as spot disease and black spot disease. The main manifestations are budding of the seedlings and browning of the roots. The diseased seedlings were short and dense, and the plants gradually became chlorotic. They couldn't die when heading, or part of the headings were poorly solid and became white spikes.
3, wheat sheath blight. Rhizoctonia cerealis can occur from the seedling stage to the heading stage, and typical symptoms form elliptic striated brown lesions on the tip of the stem from 1 to 3 nodes. The most obvious symptoms are at the heading stage, and the main feature is the formation of a large number of radish seed-like sclerotia on the tip of the leaves. The surface of sclerotia is rough, and it is easily peeled off after ripening. The main stem of critically ill plants is dead, resulting in “white spikesâ€, which are easy to fall down and severely reduce production.
4. Fusarium head blight In general, the temperature conditions after wheat heading are all to meet the growth and development of pathogens. The key to popularity is rainy weather. In addition, the characteristics of the varieties also have a relationship: 1 plant height. There are many more ascospore species in the dwarf variety that are projected to the surface of the ear than those of the appropriate plant height. 2 The heading is neat or not, the length of full bloom is long. If the earings are orderly and the earing time is short, the chance of encountering rainfall will be less, and the epidemic will be lessened. 3 The length of anther remains. Anthers play an instrumental role in the invasion of pathogenic bacteria. The remaining anthers can provide pathogens with nutrients such as medium, which helps the bacteria invade. 4 speed grouting or not. Grouting is fast and reduces the spread of germs. The prevalence of wheat scab is closely related to cultivation management and planting methods. Low-lying terrain, heavy soil, poor drainage, resulting in high humidity in wheat fields, reduced the ability of wheat roots to breathe and resist disease. Maize and wheat rotation field, not deep plowing, corn field and large amount of residue residue for the growth of wheat during the early period of feeding a large number of bacteria protozoa.
Second, prevention and control measures:
1, agricultural measures. (1) Rotation of crops is the result of pathogens caused by the first three diseases. Rotation of crop rotation can reduce the amount of bacteria and reduce the incidence of disease. It can rotate with non-grainy crops such as sweet potato, cotton, green manure, garlic and rapeseed. If there are conditions, it is better to use paddy crop rotation. (2) Deeply turning the land to reduce the amount of bacteria in the surface layer. (3) For the full-blown wheat disease, additional phosphate fertilizers and appropriate late planting measures may be adopted. The application of phosphate fertilizer is beneficial to the propagation of flagella sphaeroides, and flagellate stalk bacteria have antagonistic effects on whole wheat pathogens, thus reducing the incidence of disease. The early eroded wheat is full of erosive and late-planting disease is light. The optimum soil temperature for wheat infestation is 12°C～20°C. The sowing date is postponed and the soil temperature is decreased, which shortens the infection period of the pathogen and reduces the disease.
2, pharmaceutical control. There are many kinds of chemical agents that can be used to control the first three diseases of wheat. In general, most of the pesticides used to control fungal diseases are effective. Commonly-used pesticides and dosages: 25% hydroxybenzamine powder, 15% triadimefon, 2% rickamidine, 50% acetaminophen, 50% thiram, and 50% TU wettable powder, etc. About 0.2%, first diluted with the appropriate amount of water and evenly sprayed on the seeds, dried and sown. Note that triadimefon seed dressing has a certain impact on the emergence of seeds, we must master the amount of medication, while increasing the sowing rate of about 10%.
3. Prevention and control of head blight
1). Deep plowing. Deep plowing is the important way to reduce the bacterium. 2). Fertilizer can not be too late. Fertilizer dressing is prone to cause greediness and late maturing, prolongs the time of infection and increases the chance of infection, and causes more invalid delivery and aggravates the epidemic.
2) Anti-disease-resistant varieties are important prevention and control measures. Although there are no disease-resistant varieties, there are still large differences among varieties, and in particular, anti-expansion varieties should be selected. In addition to resistance, the following principles should also be considered in selecting varieties: 1 appropriate plant height, 2 consistent heading, 3 ear layers neat, 4 short anther residue time, 5 fast grain filling.
3) Drug control is the key to control of head blight. Due to different climatic conditions, the time period and frequency of heading and flowering of wheat plants are also different. Therefore, the date and frequency of application of pesticides should be flexibly controlled according to local climate changes and changes in the growth period of wheat. The principle of application time: when the heading is fine and the temperature is high, the wheat heads will pull the flowers on the side of the spikes, and the spraying will be best at the flowering stage (10~20% of Yanghua). The heading stage has low temperature and less sunshine. Wheat firstly flowers after heading, and it is used during the initial flowering period (10% Yanghua). Heading period encounters continuous rain, should be used during heading period. To grasp the timing of the rainy gap for medication. 40% per acre carbendazim suspension 120 grams, 80% of the wettable powder 100 grams, 70% thiophanate-methyl WP active ingredient 70 grams can be used for control of head blight.
First, the main symptoms of disease:
1, wheat full-blown disease. Wheat full-blown disease is a typical basal disease, and the white spike is caused by the damage to the root and stem base. Wheat can be susceptible to disease during the whole growing period, and the seedling stage is susceptible to disease. The roots become dark brown, and those with severe diseases cause blacking and death of the whole root system. Light plants exhibit yellowing of the aboveground leaves, short plants, and poor growth, similar to drought and lack of fertilizer. shape. There were no obvious symptoms in the above-ground part of the puerperal stage. Only the seriously ill plants showed a short dwarf and the base yellow leaves were more. There are many yellow leaves in the jointing stage, and the severely diseased plants are dwarfed and sparse at the late jointing stage. The leaves turn yellow from bottom to top. Clusters or spots of diseased plants appeared at the heading filling stage and the early ear of the ear appeared, and a "black plaster"-like black mycelium layer was formed on the inside of the stem base sheath. The disease has a tendency to disappear automatically, that is, the disease will automatically reduce after several years.
2, wheat root rot. Wheat root rot is also known as spot disease and black spot disease. The main manifestations are budding of the seedlings and browning of the roots. The diseased seedlings were short and dense, and the plants gradually became chlorotic. They couldn't die when heading, or part of the headings were poorly solid and became white spikes.
3, wheat sheath blight. Rhizoctonia cerealis can occur from the seedling stage to the heading stage, and typical symptoms form elliptic striated brown lesions on the tip of the stem from 1 to 3 nodes. The most obvious symptoms are at the heading stage, and the main feature is the formation of a large number of radish seed-like sclerotia on the tip of the leaves. The surface of sclerotia is rough, and it is easily peeled off after ripening. The main stem of critically ill plants is dead, resulting in “white spikesâ€, which are easy to fall down and severely reduce production.
4. Fusarium head blight In general, the temperature conditions after wheat heading are all to meet the growth and development of pathogens. The key to popularity is rainy weather. In addition, the characteristics of the varieties also have a relationship: 1 plant height. There are many more ascospore species in the dwarf variety that are projected to the surface of the ear than those of the appropriate plant height. 2 The heading is neat or not, the length of full bloom is long. If the earings are orderly and the earing time is short, the chance of encountering rainfall will be less, and the epidemic will be lessened. 3 The length of anther remains. Anthers play an instrumental role in the invasion of pathogenic bacteria. The remaining anthers can provide pathogens with nutrients such as medium, which helps the bacteria invade. 4 speed grouting or not. Grouting is fast and reduces the spread of germs. The prevalence of wheat scab is closely related to cultivation management and planting methods. Low-lying terrain, heavy soil, poor drainage, resulting in high humidity in wheat fields, reduced the ability of wheat roots to breathe and resist disease. Maize and wheat rotation field, not deep plowing, corn field and large amount of residue residue for the growth of wheat during the early period of feeding a large number of bacteria protozoa.
Second, prevention and control measures:
1, agricultural measures. (1) Rotation of crops is the result of pathogens caused by the first three diseases. Rotation of crop rotation can reduce the amount of bacteria and reduce the incidence of disease. It can rotate with non-grainy crops such as sweet potato, cotton, green manure, garlic and rapeseed. If there are conditions, it is better to use paddy crop rotation. (2) Deeply turning the land to reduce the amount of bacteria in the surface layer. (3) For the full-blown wheat disease, additional phosphate fertilizers and appropriate late planting measures may be adopted. The application of phosphate fertilizer is beneficial to the propagation of flagella sphaeroides, and flagellate stalk bacteria have antagonistic effects on whole wheat pathogens, thus reducing the incidence of disease. The early eroded wheat is full of erosive and late-planting disease is light. The optimum soil temperature for wheat infestation is 12°C～20°C. The sowing date is postponed and the soil temperature is decreased, which shortens the infection period of the pathogen and reduces the disease.
2, pharmaceutical control. There are many kinds of chemical agents that can be used to control the first three diseases of wheat. In general, most of the pesticides used to control fungal diseases are effective. Commonly-used pesticides and dosages: 25% hydroxybenzamine powder, 15% triadimefon, 2% rickamidine, 50% acetaminophen, 50% thiram, and 50% TU wettable powder, etc. About 0.2%, first diluted with the appropriate amount of water and evenly sprayed on the seeds, dried and sown. Note that triadimefon seed dressing has a certain impact on the emergence of seeds, we must master the amount of medication, while increasing the sowing rate of about 10%.
3. Prevention and control of head blight
1). Deep plowing. Deep plowing is the important way to reduce the bacterium. 2). Fertilizer can not be too late. Fertilizer dressing is prone to cause greediness and late maturing, prolongs the time of infection and increases the chance of infection, and causes more invalid delivery and aggravates the epidemic.
2) Anti-disease-resistant varieties are important prevention and control measures. Although there are no disease-resistant varieties, there are still large differences among varieties, and in particular, anti-expansion varieties should be selected. In addition to resistance, the following principles should also be considered in selecting varieties: 1 appropriate plant height, 2 consistent heading, 3 ear layers neat, 4 short anther residue time, 5 fast grain filling.
3) Drug control is the key to control of head blight. Due to different climatic conditions, the time period and frequency of heading and flowering of wheat plants are also different. Therefore, the date and frequency of application of pesticides should be flexibly controlled according to local climate changes and changes in the growth period of wheat. The principle of application time: when the heading is fine and the temperature is high, the wheat heads will pull the flowers on the side of the spikes, and the spraying will be best at the flowering stage (10~20% of Yanghua). The heading stage has low temperature and less sunshine. Wheat firstly flowers after heading, and it is used during the initial flowering period (10% Yanghua). Heading period encounters continuous rain, should be used during heading period. To grasp the timing of the rainy gap for medication. 40% per acre carbendazim suspension 120 grams, 80% of the wettable powder 100 grams, 70% thiophanate-methyl WP active ingredient 70 grams can be used for control of head blight.
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