The net yield of cultivated tomatoes grown in winter in greenhouses is 1.2-1.6 million yuan, and the economic benefit is not very good. The growth rate of greenhouse cultivation is also less obvious through the change of crops. Based on this, our base started with the tomato cultivation method, adjusted tomato sowing date and improved cultivation techniques, and summed up the tomato regeneration cultivation technology based on the experiment. Mainly by selecting the best sowing date, the first fruit setting period of the tomato is in the period from August to November when the indoor light is sufficient and the temperature is suitable for fruit growth, while the fruit harvesting period is in the coldest stage in winter, when the result branch is replaced and the fruit is set again. In the temperature rise stage, this can not only make full use of land resources and light resources, improve tomato production, and achieve higher efficiency; and the fruits of the second set of fruit collection tomato can be 32-45 days earlier than the change cultivation. This cultivation method is more suitable for cultivation of tomatoes in cold regions in winter, avoiding low fruit setting rate and low fruit growth caused by low temperature and low light. Experiments have shown that the benefit of tomato cultivation can be increased by 8.6-14.9% compared to two consecutive cultivation tomatoes. The cultivation points are now described below.
1, species selection. Mainly select mid-maturing and medium-early-maturing, strong growth potential, easy-to-spend, unlimited growth, and high fruit set rate, such as Honghui, Hao West, and Mahua, etc., whose roots are well-developed, and the aged branches are cut off. The newly issued collaterals grow fast and can enter the flower bud differentiation period in a relatively short period of time, which is beneficial for the early listing and better economic benefits.
2, timely nursery. According to the characteristics of climate change, Gansu is generally planted in the middle and early June. Seeds are not soaked and germinated directly on the nursery bed. The nursery greenhouse is covered with an old greenhouse film, and a shade net is placed on it to reduce light intensity and temperature to prevent germination. High-foot phenomenon occurs. Before the seeds are unearthed, the seedling film must be tilted sooner or later for 5-6 minutes for ventilation to ensure the emergence of seedlings. After the seedlings are unearthed, they are divided into seedlings as soon as they reach a single leaf, and the seedlings are divided into 10 cm and 0 cm nutrients. From sub-seedling to planting is the external high temperature and insect pest flood season, to strengthen the management of temperature and moisture, prevent pests. The topsoil on the nutrition surface is whitish, and watering is performed when noon seedlings appear wilting. When the seedlings grow 5-6 pieces of true leaves, the distance between the nutrients is increased, and the light transmittance between the plants is enhanced, and the seedling stems are thickened, and the strong seedlings are cultivated.
3, suitable for planting. Tomato regenerative cultivation, long growing period of plants, consumption of soil nutrients, you must apply enough base fertilizer, decomposed farmyard fertilizer 1000 kg; 100 kg of diammonium phosphate, urea, K2SO4 amount. High ridge cultivation, ridge height 20 cm, ridge width 80 cm, ridge open central ditch. Choose a strong seedling colony with a height of 25 cm and 7-8 true leaves, and plant 1800 per acre. After the planting is completed, the seedling water is poured immediately. After the seedlings are kept alive, the mulch film is covered and the mulch film only covers the ridge and ridge. It is not necessary to cover the ridge between the ridges. At this time in early August, the indoor temperature and temperature are very high, and the soil is required to dissipate a lot of heat to lower the ground temperature and evaporate water to enhance indoor humidity. When the outside temperature decreases and the room temperature is suitable for the growth of tomatoes, the mulching between the ridges and the ridges is used to prevent the indoor humidity from being too large and cause diseases.
4, hanging vine pruning. After the colonization, 1-2 pieces of new leaves were grown on the tomato and one end of the vine was tied at the base of the tomato, and the other end was on a coarse wire from north to south. When the vine was hung, both ends of the rope were buckled so that The elasticity of the plant growth regulating ropes allows the tomato to be pruned after entering the initial flowering stage. When the fruit is first set and the fruit grows, the indoor temperature is 15-30°C, the night temperature is 10-18°C, and the light is sufficient to facilitate the growth of tomato fruits. The use of double dry pruning, if single stem pruning, the relative increase in density when planting. The double stem pruning means that the main stem and a long-standing branching branch are used as two main stems, and all the lateral branches on it are removed, and the branches are then respectively hanged, and then the pruning is performed once a week to remove the newly issued and each stem leaf of the tomato base. The new branches grow. When the tomato enters the first harvest, that is, the weather begins to warm up, the newly emerged side branches of the tomato at the time of pruning are selected as the new main trunk and the side branches on the trunk are still removed. After the fruits were picked, the stems were cut at 20 cm above the newly cultivated lateral branches, and the cultivated lateral branches were hauled and hauled so that the tomatoes entered the second result period, and the subsequent pruning was the same as that of the first fruit setting.
5, reasonable flowers. When the tomato was flowered two times before and after flowering, the light was sufficient. The flowers mostly formed long and middle style flowers, and the fruit setting rate was high. However, in order to have uniform fruit size and harvest time, it is still necessary to manually treat tomato flowers. The specific method is: when there are 5-7 flowers in each inflorescence open, remove the flowers that are not open in the inflorescence, and then put the whole inflorescence into the liquid solution, and remove the inflorescence without drip, Inflorescences per panicle were performed only once, and tomato flowers were treated with 2,4-D at a concentration of 10-20 mg/kg. When the fruit diameter is 3-4 cm, fruit thinning can be performed according to the tomato varieties, 4-5 fruits per panicle for medium-sized fruit, and 2-3 fruits for large fruit per panicle.
6, grab the heart when grab. The first fruiting of the tomato, the 5th ear fruit, such as the size of the walnut topping, leaves 2-3 true leaves on the 5th ear. Then take off the growing point of the trunk, the purpose of the 5th ear fruit topping is to promote the first and second ear fruits to turn color mature, the fourth and fifth ear fruit quickly expand, shorten the harvest time of the fruit and harvest in advance. The fruit was set for the second time, and the fruit was caught after the fourth fruit was caught. In order to avoid too much fruit set, the organic fertilizer is lacking in the late growth period and the quality of the fruit is reduced.
7, timely sparse leaves. The first fruit set of the tomato, when the first ear fruit enters the green ripe stage, all the leaves under the first ear fruit are removed, and a part of the leaves on the trunk is removed to improve the light transmission among the plants, enhance the light, and promote fruit ripening. , Then each picking a panicle, then remove all the leaves under the adjacent one ear fruit, this method can also effectively prevent the early and late blight and gray mold. However, the fruit was harvested only when the fruit was harvested for the second time.
8, rational fertilization. Tomatoes are solanaceous vegetables, which consume a large amount of land. In addition to applying N, P, and K fertilizers when organic fertilizers are applied and watered during planting, organic fertilizers should be applied during the tomato growing season. The first fruit set of tomato, topdressing one farmhouse fertilizer at the end of fruit harvest, 2000 kg per acre, and 50 kg of phosphorus diammonium; the second fruit set, the third spike fruit, and then make up a farmer Fertilizer to improve fruit quality. Secondly, some foliar fertilizers such as boron, magnesium, ZnSO4, and CaCl2 were sprayed on the leaves to coordinate the supply of nutrients and enhance plant resistance to disease.
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