Comprehensive control of wheat head blight

Wheat scab is one of the important diseases that affect the growth of wheat. In April and May of this year, continuous rains along the Huaihe River resulted in a pandemic of wheat scab in the area in recent years, generally 2-3 percent reduction, and 50% serious, which seriously affected the bumper wheat harvest in the afternoon.


First, the symptoms

From the seedling stage to the ripe stage, wheat scab can cause seedling blight, stem rot and ear rot, among which ear rot is the most serious. Spike rot occurred mainly during the period from grouting to milk-mature stage. Individual spikelets were the first to suffer. Water-stained, light-brown lesions first appeared on the glume, and then spread to the glumes of the glume or pink glial layer at the base of the spikelet. Can spread to the cob and adjacent spikelets, later appeared in the disease Department purple black small particles, diseased spikelets within the grain shrinkage, dryness and white to pink mold. Seedling seedlings are caused by seeds or soil residues, and are generally rare. The first coleoptiles and young roots are brownish and watery and rot. After extending to true leaf and cotyledon, the disease is brown. The diseased seedlings are yellow and lean and die, and they are usually seedlings. Period begins.

Second, the pathogen and the law of incidence

The pathogenic bacteria of the disease is mainly Gibberella zeae, belonging to the subphylum Ascomycotina, and its asexual generation is Fusarium graminearum. Sick seeds are the main source of seedling rot. The initial infection caused by ear rot mainly originated from the ascospores on rice piles, corn, cotton, wheat straw and rice straw. The diseased ear could produce conidiospores for reinfection, and the infection rate gradually decreased from filling to maturity. The level of temperature and humidity are the main conditions affecting the severity of the disease. The suitable temperature for onset is 25°C. The temperature in spring rises more and more rainy days. There is enough humidity, and the ear of the field appears early and early, and the epidemic tends to be more serious. On the contrary, the onset is delayed. In addition, too much nitrogen fertilizer, the late maturity of Love Green can extend the period of disease, disease resistance decreased; poor drainage, high humidity in the field can aggravate the disease.

Third, prevention and treatment

Fusarium head blight has many pathogenic origins, long infection time, and is affected by meteorological conditions. Therefore, prevention and control must be based on active breeding and promotion of disease-resistant seed varieties, do a good job of measurement and reporting, and timely conduct chemical control as a supplement.

1, agricultural control. Selection of disease-resistant varieties, such as Zheng Mai 9023, Ningmai 3, 6, etc. Before sowing, we must plough the stubble, remove the weeds from the rice fields, and reduce the initial infestation. Open up four ditch, timely drainage to reduce the humidity in the field, apply enough base fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to enhance disease resistance. Try to avoid cross-cultivation between different varieties and different maturation periods, such as cross-planting of wheat and wheat.

2, pharmaceutical protection. The critical period for the control of ear rot agents should be wheat heading to grouting stage. Under normal circumstances, the first spraying is from heading to full flowering. However, in the event of a warm, rainy season, the first application should be carried out early to the panicle. In order to be able to inhibit the infestation of ascospores in time and to prevent rainwater from flushing the medicament, the weather should be used to fight for "before the rain." Grab sunny days for spraying. The second or third application should be based on the drug's efficacy level, residual effect length and disease growth trend (generally 7-10 days), and the effective agent can use 50% carbendazim WP 100-150 per mu. Grams, 40% carbendazim gum suspension 75-100 grams per mu, 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 100-150 grams per mu.

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