The Agaricus bisporus, also known as white mushroom, is a mushroom variety that has been newly developed in recent years and has a large export volume. Because of its rich nutrition and delicious taste, it is loved by consumers. The development of Agaricus bisporus production can not only make full use of straw, livestock and poultry manure, turn waste into treasure, but also use its waste to fertilize land, increase soil organic matter content, improve soil physical and chemical properties, promote the formation of soil humus and aggregate structure, and improve soil Fertilizer, water retention performance, economic, ecological and social benefits are significant.
First, the main raw materials use the middle shed or greenhouse as a mushroom house cultivation of Agaricus bisporus, the main raw material is wheat straw, corn stalks, sweet potatoes and other crop straw and cattle, horses, donkeys, chickens and other high-quality livestock and poultry manure, the appropriate amount of other raw materials added, reasonable Matching heap stuffy fermentation into culture materials. About 100 thousand square meters of dry wheat straw, 1,000 kilograms of dried cow dung, 50 kilograms of superphosphate, 25 kilograms of bean cake, and 25 kilograms of gypsum powder per 100 square meters.
Second, the cultivation of materials
From mid-August onwards, a 30-cm-thick pre-wort straw was laid on the ground, the length of which was determined according to the amount of culture material, 2.5 cm wide, and then sprinkled with other ingredients such as calcium superphosphate and a layer of cows on the straw. Dung, about 20 centimeters thick, and then about 20 centimeters of wheatgrass. In this way, when the stack is stacked to a height of 1.5 meters, it is covered with manure in an arc and promotes its fermentation.
3. Turning the stacks for the first time after 7 days, turning the material outside the surface to the middle, turning the middle to the outside to mix and loosen the soil, turning it every 4 to 5 days, turning it 4 or 5 times. When the temperature of the heap reaches 50-60°C and the culture medium is tan-colored, it is sown into the shed.
IV. Sowing and seedling management After the mushroom house is sterilized, 20 centimeters of thickness is put into the shed to make the fermented bacteria culture nutrient into the shed. The disease-free, insect-free, mycelium vigor, and white color of the bacteria are selected and used for spreading. That is, the seed and some of the culture materials are evenly blended, and then the seedlings are propelled to grow on the bed surface, then covered with a thin layer of material. After sowing, the temperature is controlled at 22 to 24° C. and the relative humidity is maintained at 80 to 90%. The temperature can be controlled by means of ventilation and spray cooling.
V. Cover soil and mushroom management 15 to 20 days after sowing, the germinated mycelium grows to the bottom of the material and can be covered with soil. The grass carbon clay or black clay is selected. After screening, it is sterilized with formaldehyde and the fine soil is covered on the bacteria bed. Cover soil thickness 3 cm, and then adjust the water so that the soil moisture content of 20 to 25%, relative humidity to maintain 80 to 90%. 20 days after the cover soil, mushroom buds should be re-sprayed with mushroom water when they are unearthed, and the temperature is maintained at 12 to 16°C. When the cap diameter is as long as 3 to 4 cm, it can be harvested to prevent the opening of the umbrella. Every time a mushroom is harvested, it is necessary to re-spray the water once and increase the ventilation. Pay close attention to the temperature changes in the shed.
VI. Spring Management From March to May of the following year, the temperature will change from low to high. The nutrient content of the cultivation materials will be reduced after autumn and winter. The main measures for management are to adjust the mushroom house temperature, moisture and pH, increase nutrition and prevent pests and diseases.
1. Temperature regulation. In early spring, the temperature in the shed is low, and the temperature needs to be increased. The method is to uncover the cover of grass and other materials during the day, use the sun to increase the temperature, and ventilate at noon. The temperature at the later stage can be increased by adding covers such as grass curtains, or spraying water to the cover to cool it, and ventilation can be performed in the morning and evening.
2. Water transfer and fertilization. According to the changes in the growth temperature of mycelium and mushroom buds, the amount of water transferred from the least to the most slowly reaches the moisture requirement of the earth-covered soil. Appropriate amount of fertilizer is mainly sprayed with proper amount of nutrient solution to promote mycelium growth and increase yield and quality. Commonly used nutrient solution: boiled urine boiled water 10 times after boiling, mushroom root water boiled filter solution, soy milk boiled water 100 times liquid, potato boiled filter solution.
VII. Benefit Analysis Wheat straw and cow dung are used as cultivation materials for cultivation of Agaricus bisporus. The average investment is about RMB 20 per square meter. 7-8 mushroom can be harvested during the planting period, and 10 to 15 kg of fresh mushrooms are produced per square meter. The square meters of greenhouses have ended up with incomes of 8,000 to 12,000 yuan, and the economic benefits are considerable.
First, the main raw materials use the middle shed or greenhouse as a mushroom house cultivation of Agaricus bisporus, the main raw material is wheat straw, corn stalks, sweet potatoes and other crop straw and cattle, horses, donkeys, chickens and other high-quality livestock and poultry manure, the appropriate amount of other raw materials added, reasonable Matching heap stuffy fermentation into culture materials. About 100 thousand square meters of dry wheat straw, 1,000 kilograms of dried cow dung, 50 kilograms of superphosphate, 25 kilograms of bean cake, and 25 kilograms of gypsum powder per 100 square meters.
Second, the cultivation of materials
From mid-August onwards, a 30-cm-thick pre-wort straw was laid on the ground, the length of which was determined according to the amount of culture material, 2.5 cm wide, and then sprinkled with other ingredients such as calcium superphosphate and a layer of cows on the straw. Dung, about 20 centimeters thick, and then about 20 centimeters of wheatgrass. In this way, when the stack is stacked to a height of 1.5 meters, it is covered with manure in an arc and promotes its fermentation.
3. Turning the stacks for the first time after 7 days, turning the material outside the surface to the middle, turning the middle to the outside to mix and loosen the soil, turning it every 4 to 5 days, turning it 4 or 5 times. When the temperature of the heap reaches 50-60°C and the culture medium is tan-colored, it is sown into the shed.
IV. Sowing and seedling management After the mushroom house is sterilized, 20 centimeters of thickness is put into the shed to make the fermented bacteria culture nutrient into the shed. The disease-free, insect-free, mycelium vigor, and white color of the bacteria are selected and used for spreading. That is, the seed and some of the culture materials are evenly blended, and then the seedlings are propelled to grow on the bed surface, then covered with a thin layer of material. After sowing, the temperature is controlled at 22 to 24° C. and the relative humidity is maintained at 80 to 90%. The temperature can be controlled by means of ventilation and spray cooling.
V. Cover soil and mushroom management 15 to 20 days after sowing, the germinated mycelium grows to the bottom of the material and can be covered with soil. The grass carbon clay or black clay is selected. After screening, it is sterilized with formaldehyde and the fine soil is covered on the bacteria bed. Cover soil thickness 3 cm, and then adjust the water so that the soil moisture content of 20 to 25%, relative humidity to maintain 80 to 90%. 20 days after the cover soil, mushroom buds should be re-sprayed with mushroom water when they are unearthed, and the temperature is maintained at 12 to 16°C. When the cap diameter is as long as 3 to 4 cm, it can be harvested to prevent the opening of the umbrella. Every time a mushroom is harvested, it is necessary to re-spray the water once and increase the ventilation. Pay close attention to the temperature changes in the shed.
VI. Spring Management From March to May of the following year, the temperature will change from low to high. The nutrient content of the cultivation materials will be reduced after autumn and winter. The main measures for management are to adjust the mushroom house temperature, moisture and pH, increase nutrition and prevent pests and diseases.
1. Temperature regulation. In early spring, the temperature in the shed is low, and the temperature needs to be increased. The method is to uncover the cover of grass and other materials during the day, use the sun to increase the temperature, and ventilate at noon. The temperature at the later stage can be increased by adding covers such as grass curtains, or spraying water to the cover to cool it, and ventilation can be performed in the morning and evening.
2. Water transfer and fertilization. According to the changes in the growth temperature of mycelium and mushroom buds, the amount of water transferred from the least to the most slowly reaches the moisture requirement of the earth-covered soil. Appropriate amount of fertilizer is mainly sprayed with proper amount of nutrient solution to promote mycelium growth and increase yield and quality. Commonly used nutrient solution: boiled urine boiled water 10 times after boiling, mushroom root water boiled filter solution, soy milk boiled water 100 times liquid, potato boiled filter solution.
VII. Benefit Analysis Wheat straw and cow dung are used as cultivation materials for cultivation of Agaricus bisporus. The average investment is about RMB 20 per square meter. 7-8 mushroom can be harvested during the planting period, and 10 to 15 kg of fresh mushrooms are produced per square meter. The square meters of greenhouses have ended up with incomes of 8,000 to 12,000 yuan, and the economic benefits are considerable.
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