The open-shelf cucumber cultivation in the spring can be divided into seedling seedling nursery and open-air live broadcast. In order to plant in advance and harvest ahead of time, most regions in China adopt the method of nursery seedlings, sowing more than one month in advance, planting after the night frost, and picking the claws in the off season of spring and summer vegetables.
1. Variety of choice
In northern China, cold-spotted, disease-resistant, high-yield, and good-quality thorny gourd varieties are commonly used, such as Jinan Mickey, Xintai Michong, Jinza No.1, Jinza No.2, Nongda 12 and Zhiguai No.1, etc.; Selecting Guangzhou Erqing, Hangzhou Qingpi, Huyu No. 5, Kunming Early Cucumber, etc.; northern and western China's alpine regions, or cool summer regions such as Harbin, Inner Mongolia, Taiyuan, Lanzhou, Xining, etc., except for early maturing varieties. In addition, middle and late-maturing high-yield and disease-resistant varieties, such as Ningyang Datong, Beijing Daci, Xiafeng No.1, and Jinyan No.2, can be used to conduct primary and secondary cultivation with early-maturing varieties, both in the morning and extended Supply period, increase production.
2. Seeding and nursery
The sowing date of spring cucumber is determined according to the planting period. The suitable calendar seedling age for colonization is 40-50 days, and the physiological seedling age is four-leaf and one-hearted. If calculated according to the calendar seedling age, planting will be conducted 40 to 50 days before planting. The length of physiological seedlings is related to the method of raising seedlings, and it is 50-55 days when Yangshuo or in the greenhouse is used for raising seedlings; it is heated in a greenhouse for 45-50 days; and it is heated in a greenhouse for 45 days. Therefore, the seedling time is different depending on the method of raising seedlings. Practice has shown that rapid seedling cultivation not only saves time, but also is fast and robust, with high initial yield. Wherever possible, use rapid nursery.
3. Colonization
Most of the spring cucumbers are spring white or winter spinach, of which spring and white are preferred. It is best that cucumbers have not been planted with cucumbers for 2 to 3 years. Because cucumbers have many diseases, they should be reduced as much as possible. To prevent blight and downy mildew, cucumbers should not be planted on low winds.
Before planting, first prepare the ground. Fertilize and do hoe. Combined with site preparation fertilizer base fertilizer. Generally 5,000 kg of fertilizer per acre. Phosphoric acid two press 30 kilograms. In order to give full play to the fertilizer effect, it can also be applied to the ditch. After ploughing and leveling, we will make hoeing, which will be 8 to 10 meters long and 1.33 to 10 meters wide.
The time for planting the spring yellow claw is after the local night cream, and the average temperature in the ten days is above 18t. Beijing, Tianjin,
The Shijiazhuang area is generally planted after late April. In order to ease seedlings, we must choose sunny plants, not on cloudy days.
Windy day planted. The density of colonization is mainly determined by the variety characteristics. Generally used in large-scale cultivation, spacing 66 ~
75 cm, spacing from 23 to 27 cm, planting 3300 to 4200 mu.
There are three ways to colonize:
(1) Water stable seedlings. Also called dark water seedlings. Open the ditch first, then water the ditch. When the drowning water is not infiltrated, put the seedling snake into the water and keep it in the mud. After the water infiltrates, cover the ditch and cover the ditch. This method has a small amount of water, is not easy to compact, and reduces the ground temperature, which is conducive to slow seedlings.
(2) Mingshui seedlings. Press in the row. After planting seedlings, the whole plant was watered. This method is simple, fast, large amount of water, ground panel knots, lower ground temperature, slow seedling slow.
(3) Ditch planting. According to the row spacing ditch, deep 10 centimeters or so, according to the spacing of the planting snakes planted in the ditch, buried half of the seedlings with soil, and then in the ditch watering, water infiltration after the cover ditch. This method is easy to operate and has the advantages of stable water seedlings. The depth of planting seedlings is such that it is appropriate for the earthen snakes and sculpins to level with each other. Cucumber seedlings do not grow and grow slowly. When planting seedlings, each pod should be planted with a few extra plants, which will be reserved for later use.
4. Post-planting management
(1) Watering and cultivating loose soil. 4 to 5 days after colonization, when the heart begins to grow. When the underground minister produces a large number of new roots, pour a gentle seedling. After watering until the roots are sitting and generally not watering, cultivating tillage. The first cultivator is required to be deep, thorough, and fine, about 7 centimeters deep. The seedlings and snakes must also be thoroughly circumvented, but they must not injure the roots. The aim of the cultivator is to loosen the soil, raise the temperature, and promote root growth. Control stem and leaf growth, seedlings. When the first melon of most plants (called the root melon) is sitting (the melon grows to about 12 centimeters, and it is not easy to melon when it is called melon), the seedlings begin to pour water, and this water should be larger. When the local skin is not sticky, a second cultivator should be carried out. The cultivars should be shallow and combined with cultivator to remove weeds. After the head water has been poured, there will be no water shortage. Afterwards, watering depends on the day. Look at it and have a good grasp. During the harvest period of root crops, it is still not very hot and evaporation is small. The dumplings are not too high. The watering can not be too diligent, and the amount of water should not be too large. Generally, the water is poured every 6 to 7 days. To harvest the claws to harvest the top melon is a melon period, the temperature has been high, evaporation, stems and leaves lush, growth must. Many melons are cucumbers that require water for the most part in their lives. Usually, they are poured every 3 to 4 days. The amount of water should not be too large. It is advisable to pour water and avoid flooding. After harvesting the top melons, the melons gradually become old, the growth of stems and leaves is small, and in the rainy season, the number of waterings must be controlled. If it does not rain, it will be poured every 5 to 6 days to make the land dry. In the watering time, the results are best carried out in the morning in the early stage. During the early and late stages of harvesting, watering is performed in the evening and the ground temperature can be reduced. Cucumbers are scared and you should pay attention to drainage after the rain and avoid stagnant water inside the bowl.
(2) Dressing. At the end of the seedlings combined with the first water chase, a fertilizer, after every 1 to 2 times the water chase a fertilizer, Shengguai every 7 to 10 days to chase once, with the water topdressing. Top dressing principles should be mastered a small number of times. Fertilizers are mainly fertilizers, followed by decomposed manure. Each time, the fertilizer amount per acre, sulfuric acid hinge 10 to 20 kg, or urea 5 to 10 kg, or 15 to 25 kg of bicarbonate, or 750 kg of human waste.
(3) insert racks, tied vines. In order to prevent the wind from throwing seedlings, after the planting, they strive to insert the shelf on the same day. The cucumbers often use a herringbone flower stand, and a seedling is inserted into a bamboo grasshopper and inserted on the outside of the seedlings. The top two bamboo strips are tied together. When vines grow tall and cannot grow upright, vines should be tied in time. After every 3 to 4 leaves are tied once, the tying ropes and trusses and vines are in an “8†shape, which can prevent the vines from rubbing or falling down. Can not be too tightly tied, gaps in order to insert the index finger is appropriate. Each time the vines are tied, the tops of the vines are fixed at the same height, which is easy to manage. The tied vines are best carried out in the afternoon, so it is not easy to break the leaves and leaves.
(4) Guaman finishing.
Right. In the main cultivar-based cultivar, if the basal part has lateral vines that affect the squash, the side branches should be removed in time. The upper and middle lateral branches are generally small, and the melons are early, leaving 1 to 2 leaves topping after the melons. The right to exercise should be carried out on a sunny day. The wounds will heal quickly. Do not exercise power on cloudy days or when there is dew, to prevent the wound from rot and infectious diseases.
Take heart. After the main vine climbs to the top of the rack, it must be picked up in time, usually when it grows from 30 to 35 leaves. Picking the heart can promote the growth of the melon. The time for topping should also be determined according to the characteristics of the species, and it is easy to make up the varieties of head melons. Generally, it takes one month before pulling, picking up the heart prematurely, picking up the food slowly, and picking the heart too late, which can not fully play the role of knotted melon. In the case of vines with vine-side cultivars, they should be picked up when the main vines are 4 to 5 leaves, and the two side vines should be preserved. Rolls must hit old leaves. Since the third true leaf of the cucumber is unfolded, each leaf has its own tendril, which can consume a lot of nutrients. When the tendril grows, it should be promptly removed. In the late growth stage of cucumber, the lower leaves yellow and dry, losing the photosynthesis function and affecting the ventilation and light transmission. Yellow leaf can be added. Severely diseased leaves and individual densely shaded leaves that are shaded from each other.
(5) Harvesting
Spring cucumbers in the open field generally begin to harvest melon 25 to 30 days after planting, and the harvest period is about 40 to 60 days. The average mu yield is 3500-4500 kg. Pick the melon to be timely, when the top of the melon strips is rounded when sharpened. At this time, the melon strip has grown fully and is not old. It is suitable for harvesting. Early harvest, low yield, although tender, but less juice, poor flavor; harvest too late, thick skin hard, poor quality, not good sales, and fall smashing, hamper the growth of other melons. When harvesting, it depends not only on the growth of the melon, but also on the growth of the whole plant and the situation of sitting in the melon. When picking root melons, the roots are still growing because the melons are still young, the roots are growing low, and if they are not picked in time, the growth of plants will be affected. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt early harvesting to not only mention the morning market, but also to prevent falling. And melons. If the weak plants can't make up, the root melons can be discarded when they are young. If the plant grows vigorously, pick up the melon and pick it up properly. Small melons can prevent leggy. During the period of fruiting, the stems and leaves grow vigorously, and the melon strips can be fully grown and collected. Usually, the melons are harvested every other day. In the late stage of squashing, the plants are already senescent and prone to deformed claws, which should be removed as soon as possible so that the nutrition can be concentrated to supply normal squash strips. Picking melons should be done in the morning, at this time, the quality is crisp. In the process of harvesting and packing cucumbers, please take them gently and gently.
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