Industrial pig farms with a certain scale, in order to achieve long-term balanced production, and the sow population structure is reasonable, the general annual breeding rate of breeding pigs in the 25 ~ 30%, otherwise, the production efficiency can not be maximized. If it is not a breeding ground itself, the introduction problem will be involved every year. Then how do we introduce it? The Beijing Pig Breeding and Breeding Center that the author worked for can produce more than 20,000 fine pigs each year. Based on the sales experience of breeding pigs in these years, we talked about the experience of introduction and selection. To readers.
1, determine the introduction plan
The introduction plan must be determined according to its own purpose, the actual conditions of the equipment, facilities, and technical level of the site. In particular, under market economy conditions, it is the most reliable and reliable way to identify authenticity with its own eyes.
1.1 Determine the species, weight, and quantity of breeding pigs to be introduced based on the current production status of the farm.
1.1.1 Variety: The selection of breeds should be determined according to the level of their own production techniques. The universal species is the Great White Pigs, and the breeders are mostly Landrace Pigs. The majority of the terminal fathers will choose to grow fast, have a high lean percentage, good flesh colour and good taste. The breed, Duroc is commonly used in pig production. China's pig-breeding market is more popular than the Du Chang-based system, but the world pig-raising trend has developed into the production of supporting pigs. If there is no breeding technology condition, it will be more economical to buy a supporting ancestor or a parental pig, and the benefits will be even greater, but the price may be slightly higher when introducing a matching line of pigs. The requirements for the production index of the selected breeding pig: The daily weight gain of the 30-100 kg stage is over 850-1000 grams, the lean meat rate is over 60%, the mother's beak is about 10-15 millimeters, and the paternity is about 8 millimeters. Do not just look at the indicators written in promotional materials. The key is whether the actual information is consistent with the promotional materials. If necessary, some indicators can be determined through the instrument. Do not pursue one-sidedly high lean meat ratios and thin piggybacks, because such pigs are generally unsatisfactory in terms of estrus status and litter size, and have higher requirements for feeds, as is the case with Pietrain.
1.1.2 Weight: The introduction of breeding pigs is not as good as the weight, the better is 45-80 kilograms. In addition, if the litter size is balanced throughout the year, the body weight distance should be pulled apart so that the breeding can be done in batches. The body weight is too small. The growth and development of the breeding pigs is not complete. It is difficult to determine whether the body shape is good or not at the end of sexual maturity. There are also some defects that have not yet been revealed. In particular, the boars have to buy at least 70 kg. Too much weight, long-distance transport is easy to trouble, a bit crowded, squeezed, but also easily cause the pig's limbs numbness.
1.1.3 Quantity: If introduced in a new farm, the number of introduced heads is usually 15% higher than that of the largest sow, because the breeding pigs will be eliminated due to various reasons in the production process. If there is no more introduction of 15%, it will cause the delivery room. Facilities such as these cannot be fully loaded and reduce the use rate. In general, the ratio of pigs to sows and sows used in the farms is 1:20 to 25, but the proportion of boars is usually higher than that of the boars so that the individual boars cannot be used, and the sows will be bred to increase their sows' breeding. Invalid feeding day.
1.2 Determine Leading Farm
1.2.1 Select large-scale breeder pig enterprises with strength, good reputation, good quality and perfect after-sales service
Today's breeding pig market is looking at flowers in the fog, which is hard to distinguish between authenticity and fakeness. When introducing, you can find the National Bureau of Agriculture and Breeding, to find out which 20 state-level key breeder farms are listed on the Ministry of Agriculture, and then look at them again. Look for more and more, and finally determine the introduced farms according to specific conditions. Should choose strong, good reputation, good quality and perfect after-sales service of large-scale breeding pigs.
1.2.2 Fully understand yourself before introduction, strictly require quality, and understand the health status of your own pigs. It is best to test blood. When determining the introduction of farms, the breeding pigs are required to have similar health conditions. If the health level of the introduced breeding pigs is better than that of the pigs in this field, please actively immunize during the isolation period after the introduction, and if the health level is not as good as that of the breeding pigs in this field, it is better not to introduce them. In order to avoid unexpected troubles.
1.3 Introduced time The general field will be determined to be introduced in the spring and autumn season where the weather is more suitable. However, savvy people will choose to introduce in the summer and winter. Because the season has an impact on the price of breeding pigs, many games will be selected in the winter from December to the next year. Introduced in late February or summer June to August, because the breeding pigs are the cheapest and they weigh more. However, during the winter and summer seasons, the loading time and the density of the pigs should be correctly mastered. During the winter, the trucks should be loaded between 11 am and 2 pm, and they should pay attention to picking up the sheds, keeping them cold and warm to prevent colds, and in the early summer months. The temperature was slightly lower in the evening, and the pigs in the car were sprayed with water to cool down. For large swine breeding companies such as the Beijing Pig Breeding Center, it is common to buy ten plus one in the winter and summer heat so that customers can minimize their transportation risks.
1.4 To determine the introduction of personnel generally have 1 to 2 professionals with pig breeding experience.
2, how to choose
Selection is a knowledge, as the saying goes, experts look at the door, amateurs watching lively. The requirements for selection of boars and sows are different.
2.1 Boar selection
2.1.1 Genealogy records From the genealogical records, select the breeding stocks with no hereditary defects such as cryptorchidism, scrotal fistula, and umbilical hernia, and the excellent individuals with large birth weights growing faster in the same litter.
2.1.2 Shape Selection In the past, when the breeding technology was backward, most of them used shape selection. Boars should choose individuals with thick and strong limbs, symmetrical and full testicles, robust body shape, few fleshy, full hips, and small foreskin. If it is a breeding farm, when selecting boars, attention should also be paid to the arrangement of the nipples of boars, and the pedigree should be as much as possible. Experience tells us that boars must choose pottery. The general sense of God, lively, foamy boar libido are more prosperous.
2.1.3 Genetic Breeding Value If there is a performance test for breeder pigs, a large EBV value should be selected to indicate that the overall pig performance is good. If you have a large body weight, you must choose to have sexual desire. It is advisable to pay high prices for boars that have been semen collected and tested for semen quality.
2.2 Selection of sows
The selection of sows is not the same as that of boars. Because sows are concerned with reproductive performance, they should choose individuals with well-proportioned body shape, straight backs, bright eyes and gods, large abdomen without sagging, and at the same time, bones should be strong. Powerful limbs, nipples arranged neatly, the number of effective nipples in more than 6 pairs, the normal development of the size of the vulva, rather than choose the vulva is small and the lower edge of the upturn.
3, preparation before loading
3.1 Preparation of the vehicle
The general purchase of breeding pigs is carried by the automobile. The use of trains and planes is less, because the latter has many inconveniences. If the number of introduced pigs is large, the transportation costs are also high. The vehicle must first check the condition of the vehicle and install the pig bar in advance. If there is a large number of introductions, it is better to use a separate barn to prevent the pigs from squeezing each other and causing unnecessary losses. At the same time, you must bring a cloth for your needs.
3.2 Vehicle disinfection
Before disassembling the vehicle, disinfectant must be used to thoroughly disinfect the vehicle. Generally, it is sprayed with peracetic acid or fire alkali. If it is a vehicle that is often used for transporting pigs, it should be washed before being planted on the pig farm and sterilized for use.
3.3 Prepare various procedures
Before loading the vehicle, all procedures must be completed, including payment, quarantine certificate, vehicle disinfection certificate, immunization card, pedigree, immunization program, feed formulation, feeding manual, etc., all brought together for inspection.
3.4 Items to be prepared on the road
3.4.1 drinking water system If the road is far away, you should install the pig drinking system on the way. If necessary, install an automatic drinker and a large bucket. The pig can eat for one or two days. If you do not drink water, Pigs are bad.
3.4.2 Nutrients Prepare some minerals and multivitamins and add them to drinking water to prevent the negative impact of long-distance transportation on pigs. If you need to walk more than 4 days, take some pellet feed.
3.4.3 Others also need to prepare some common drugs. If the journey takes more than 4 days, take some sutures and a long stick.
4. Preparation of pigs before boarding
For long-distance transportation, it is best not to allow the farm to feed the pigs on the day of pulling the pigs, so as to avoid the occurrence of prolapse; at the same time, it is best to ask the farmer to give anti-stress medicine to each pig according to the weight of the pig. Reduce stress caused by transportation and environmental changes.
5. Notes on the way
It is best to take the highway and keep away from the vehicles that are also pulling the animals. Do not slam the brakes. Start steadily. After 3-4 hours, take a look at the situation of the pigs and rush them up with each stick. If necessary, water should be provided at the gas station. The hot days should be flushed and the winter should be breathable.
6, after the introduction of attention
After the introduction of breeding pigs, they should be raised separately, and do not put them together with their own pigs in the field, generally isolated for 30-45 days. If the pigs are not in good health, the newly introduced breeding pigs should be vaccinated during the isolation period, or the pigs' droppings should be placed in the new pig pens to allow them to naturally infect. So as not to enter the production group after the loss of production. During the period of isolation observation, attention should be paid to changes in the herd. If there is no abnormality, then mix with the original pigs and transfer them to the reserve pig house.
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