The flower industry is a new industry that is rapidly emerging in China. Flowers can be used not only to appreciate but also to purify living space. In the interpersonal communication, flowers have gradually become a medium for conveying friendship and expressing their wishes. People often regard it as a symbol of happiness, good fortune, and friendship. With the economic development, the demand for flowers is growing rapidly. Therefore, the popularization of flower cultivation techniques is even more important.
First, it is very important to choose a good soil for the soil to grow vigorously. Culture soil should be formulated according to the type of flowers. For example, if we first need to understand the characteristics of the origin of the cultivated soil and then select the soil, we can also use a relatively common culture soil, which is a mixture of rot-leaf, fine sand and garden soil. As a result, this cultivation of soil is better, and most flowers use it to grow very strong. The rot leaves can be made by the pit burying method: in the fall, the leaves of the broad-leaved trees are collected and filled into the dug pits. When the deciduous fill in the pit is about 10 centimeters from the surface of the ground, the water poured into the pit has just fallen into the degree. Wait until most of the water seeps into the ground. Then cover the fallen leaves with solid soil and then cover the pit with a piece of plastic film. In the spring of next year, the rot leaves will be dug out of the pit and will be turned over once every few days to make it weathered and sieved to become rot. This kind of soil has good air permeability, strong water retention, acidic reaction, no calcareous, and long-lasting fertility.
Second, watering watering operations is crucial for flower cultivation, and many people often affect the flower cultivation effect due to poor mastery of this skill. Flower type: different flowers, water requirements are also different, for example, aquatic plants can not do without water at the moment, succulent plants once a week watering but beneficial, and most of the foliage plants need to keep the soil in a state of micro-tide. Plant status: Generally small or newly propagated plants are not tolerant to drought; larger plants or shaped plants are more tolerant to drought. Cultivation site: The flowers placed in the open air need more water, and the flowers placed in the greenhouse need less water. Seasonal changes: Summer is dry and hot, flowers need more water, winter is low, flowers grow slowly, transpiration is small, and watering is less. Soil Humidity: For flowers that are in a growing state, whether it is a cultivator or a cultivator, the soil must be watered when it gets dry. In autumn and winter, with the decrease of temperature, many cold-resistant flowers need to enter the room to avoid the cold. However, due to improper watering, flowers or fallen leaves, or leggy, even death. Therefore, the first thing you should pay attention to is the watering time. It is best to water in the morning with a strong eye and water in the evening as little as possible. In addition, we should pay attention to the principle of pouring groundwater from large trees and small pots. In addition, when the flower enters the room, be sure to wait until the potted soil is dry before it is watered. Even flowers that are sexually moist and moist, such as Calla Lily, Begonia Four Seasons, etc., should be treated with water after the surface of the potted soil is dried. For those flowers that are sexually pleasing to the environment, such as tiger skins, cactus, etc., it must be plowed and then watered from top to bottom.
Third, fertilization In order to ensure that all the normal flower growth, flowering, fertilization is essential.
Whether there is a lack of fertilizer: Flowers do not require large amounts of fertilizer at all stages of life. In addition to the timely replenishment of fertilizers during periods of vigorous growth, other stages such as seedlings, dormancy, and senescence do not require much fertilizer.
Clear fertilizer: As there are many kinds of fertilizers, it is necessary to know what is organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer.å¨ 5 is a single fertilizer, compound fertilizer. To understand the role, characteristics and usage of these fertilizers. Then according to the lack of fertilizer in the flowers to determine the application of fertilizer, so as to achieve a targeted.
Fertilizer application method: Fertilizer application is generally divided into base fertilizer and top dressing in two forms. Basal fertilizers generally use slow-growing organic fertilizers. Generally, top-dressing inorganic fertilizers are used for top-dressing. The commonly used method is to dissolve them in water to make a 0.1% to 0.5% fertilizer solution. The so-called fertilizer water is then watered or sprayed. .
Fertilization environment: After fertilization, watering must be followed in time to allow the Yang flowers to receive sufficient light, and to shade the shades of shade flowers to ensure their smooth assimilation. In winter, it is necessary to fertilize more quickly growing flowers, such as spider plants, asparagus, clivia, begonia, geranium, cyclamen, carnation, etc. It is advisable to pour water every week; for those who grow slowly, fertilization should be less, such as rhododendrons. Fusang, hibiscus, smiling, chrysanthemum, jasmine, cycad, camellia, monstera, sweet peas, etc., can be applied once every half a month; fertilizers for growth stagnation must be free, such as sweet-scented osmanthus, lotus, pomegranate, rose, liquid clove, corn poppy And so on, there is no need to top-dress all winter. Fourth, light flowers to grow well, must be in accordance with the habits of flowers to arrange planting sites.
The flowers that enjoy a strong light environment include: half-branch lotus, cosmos, muskleaf, tiger thorn plum, tiger skin, golden oyster, snapdragon, chrysanthemum, agave, rose, canna, Milan, jasmine, and woody ivory red , peony, pansy, peony, pomegranate, water lily, gladiolus, geranium, carnation, cactus, rubber tree, tuberose, a string of red, rose, fig, violet and so on. The flowers that like the low-light environment include: cranes, Monstera, smiles, moth orchids, green radish, peony, asparagus, adiantum, asparagus, yucca, and other leaves.
In summer, flowers that need to be shaded need to be shaded by arbors or shaded by trees, houses, and climbing plants to avoid direct sunlight.
V. Ventilation In a ventilated environment, the needs of flowers for carbon dioxide can be met, so that more nutrients can be produced through photosynthesis to create the plant's own organs. The flowers that belong to this category are: Dahlia, hibiscus, Dutch chrysanthemum, cineraria, Chrysanthemum, woody ivory red, jasmine, grape, pomegranate, geranium, poinsettia, Chinese rose. Due to the many tropical rain forests that prefer the leeward environment, they prefer a humid environment with high humidity. The flowers that fall into this category are: plantain, crane, bamboo zebra, boston fern, monstera, lotus, flamingo, moth orchid, ruby ​​xilin, emerald xilin, dandelion, adiantum Wait. Such flowers should be placed in sheltered areas to minimize wind damage.
Sixth, change the basin late spring and early summer, is to pay attention to potted flowers and more concentrated stage. It is necessary to master the correct flower replacement method. In the first two days of preparing the basin, first apply some thin fertilizer to the flowers that need to be changed. In this way, the plants are easily pulled out of the pots, and the time for slow seedlings is greatly shortened. Afterwards, the flowerpots, basal fertilizers, and cultivation soils used were gradually prepared. When changing pots, the left hand will support the pots and the right hand will turn the pots upside down on the soil or on the steps to change the position of the pots so that the soil can be removed from the pots. Take it out. If the surface of the soil is full of old roots, cut it off with a sharp knife and cut off part of the shoulder and foot soil. Don't get rid of all fertilizers in the whole operation. Put a thin layer of soil in a prepared pot and put a small amount of base fertilizer. After covering the basal fertiliser with some cultivation soils, the mulched soil mulch is placed in a pot, and the soil is filled.
Pay attention to the surface of potted soil to leave a few centimeters of open space along the pot basin, so as to facilitate subsequent watering. Therefore, it is advisable to add it to the ground slightly higher than the surface of the soil when filling the soil. Then pour the water for the freshly changed pots. Remember to place the pots in a place that does not get in the way and is suitable for flower seedlings before watering. Because the pot is moved immediately after the water is boiled, it is inconvenient to move the potted soil with water, and secondly, when the pot is transferred, the cultivated soil will leak from the bottom hole of the flower pot, thus causing unnecessary troubles.
VII. The causes of diseases and diseases of flowers include non-infectious diseases and infectious diseases. The main causes of non-communicable diseases are temperature, sunlight, humidity, drought, phlegm, severe cold, insufficient nutrients or disorders, and mechanical damage. For example, in the summer, the water plants are withered or burned, and the leaves are burnt. In winter, the leaves suffer freezing injury. The sour flowers spend a long time with alkaline water and cause iron deficiency. The leaves yellow and white and dry. The toxic gases in the air are polluted. This type of disease only affects the victim's own disease and cannot reinfect it. Infectious diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, etc., which are caused by parasites in plant bodies, can rapidly multiply, spread and expand in a suitable environment and cause disasters. Common are: Blight: This is a relatively common disease in flower production. The pathogenic bacteria mainly infiltrated the part of the plant's roots and necks and tender stems near the ground. Brown lesions appeared at the initial stage, and later the epidermis necrosed. When the development was severe, the whole plant died. After perennial woody flowers, the infected tissues have become lignified, showing upright withering, such as hibiscus, jasmine, and Gladiolus soaking in the base of the tender stem of sowing seedlings. The seedlings soon fall down from the ground, so it is also called damping-off disease. Common in a string of red, cineraria, cockscomb, carnation and other seedling stage. In open field cultivation, the incidence was highest from mid-May to August; greenhouses or hotbeds were more common when seedlings had 1-2 true leaves.
The prevention and control measures must first be thoroughly disinfected with the soil for seedling raising. Bed soil shall be poured with 40% formalin, 50 ml water, and 10 kg water per square meter, and covered with straw curtains after one week sowing or planting. Before sowing, flowers seeds that are susceptible to disease should be seed-sweeded with 2/1000 of seed weight, and beards should be filled with bottom water to ensure that there are no water shortages within 3 weeks after the seedlings are unearthed. After the seedlings are unearthed, they can be watered per square meter. 1 to 2 kg of ferrous sulfate is used for prevention. And it should strengthen ventilation as early as possible. For the first-time sick seedlings, a 300-400-fold dilution of 50% of the daisenamine solution can be used, and 2-4 kg of sterile seedlings can be poured per square meter. For the disease-prone flowers (May-August), the above-mentioned liquid medicine can be poured once every two weeks to prevent the occurrence of germs. Powdery mildew: It is a common disease of flowers that harms the leaves, shoots, pedicels and other parts of the plant or even the whole plant. The site of disease was pale gray at the beginning, and then a layer of white powder or hairy hair was born. When they were covered with leaves, the leaves were curled and the young shoots were bent to stop growing. Sometimes it also infects buds that are not open, eventually causing fallen leaves or killing the plants. Powdery mildew occurs when the temperature reaches 18-30 °C, the relative humidity of air is 55-85%, especially when the environment is hot and unventilated. Prevention and control measures should mainly improve the cultivation conditions, control temperature and humidity, and pay attention to ventilation and light transmission. In the cultivation, nitrogen fertilizer should be less applied, and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied to increase plant resistance. At the beginning of the disease, the diseased leaves and pedicels should be promptly removed and burned, or the diseased plants must be isolated; or the lime sulfur should be sprayed at a wave degree of 0.3 degrees. After the onset of disease, 1000 times the 5% solution of dexamonium or 1000 times thiophanate was sprayed.
Black mold: Harmful evergreen woody flowers. The first leaves showed dark brown mildew spots, which later expanded to form black soot layer, affecting the photosynthesis of flowers, making the plants grow weak and affecting the appearance, causing serious death of the whole plant. Prevention and control measures are mainly to enhance ventilation and light transmission, reduce indoor humidity, eradicate harm to scale insects and aphids, and eliminate the conditions for the occurrence of molds. Equal amounts of Bordeaux mixture can be sprayed on the affected plants.
8. Insect pests have many types of insect pests. Often one flower is harmed by various pests, affecting the normal growth of the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits of flowers and losing their ornamental value. There are two kinds of mouthparts for pests that harm flowers: one is a chewing mouthpart, such as larvae, centipedes, moths, larvae, and borers. The other is a sucking mouthpiece, which is inserted into the plant tissue using an insect needle-like mouthpiece and sucks the subcutaneous sap, such as aphids, spider mites, whiteflies, and scale insects.
Aphids: The most common pests of flowers, clustered in the young part of the plant to absorb plant sap, resulting in the curly shoots of the young shoots dry, the excrement of the aphids have honeydew, and can also cause plant infection black mold.
Control methods can be sprayed 1500 times dimethoate, or with fish rattan, tobacco water, pyrethrum and other prevention and treatment. You can also use detergent 1000 times, preferably using enzyme detergent, because the enzyme contained in it can strongly destroy the epidermis tissue of the aphid and thus produce a significant killing effect. One spray should spray 2 times 3 times. Every week is an interval.
Scale insects: There are a large number of scale insects that harm flowers. Their diet is very complex. Almost all grass and flowers can be damaged, resulting in yellowing or even yellowing of the leaves. The excrement often causes black mold, which causes the leaves of the flowers to grow black and affect growth. And flowering.
Control methods should use 800.4 dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate or 50% malathion EC in the active period of post- hatching larvae. They can be sprayed several times in a row for a few days, and the control effect is significant. It is also possible to use a thin stick wrapped around some cotton wool to hold the leaves of the victim's branches and carefully wipe the scale insects off.
Red spider: the scope of harm to the flowers is very wide, with the most serious damage in 6, 7, 8 months, using sucking mouth device to suck the sap of the plant, so that the leaves appear yellow-white spots, so that the plants grow weak, deciduous, so that the whole plant is brown lethal. Prevention and control methods must be timely and can be used 1500 times dimethoate or 800 dichlorvos EC spray; also use 25% insecticidal lice plus water 1000 times spray. At the same time, the humidity should be increased and ventilation should be enhanced to reduce breeding.
Whitefly: This is commonly known as the white moth. Whiteflies cause great difficulties because they can fly. Flowers are often harmed with a string of red, cineraria, fuchsia, geranium, gerbera, a flower, rose, jasmine, hibiscus, etc., nymphs and adults are mostly fixed on the back of the leaf, sucking plant juice using a sucking mouth device, Leaves the leaves yellow, and leaves the leaves dead and falling when severe. Control methods to use dichlorvos fumigation or spray to remove governance, spray 80% dichlorvos 1500 times per 10 kilograms of medicine plus detergent (small in alkaline is better) one or two to increase the liquid's adhesion, the adults once The double-winged medicine that touched the medicine immediately adhered and lost its ability to fly, causing poisoning to die. However, this medicine is not effective for eggs and cockroaches. It must be sprayed once a week for good results.
Fumigation method: 80% of dichlorvos is added with water 100 to 200 times evenly sprayed on the ground, and then the doors and windows are sealed, or the plants are sprinkled with plastic covers and the shed can be opened after half a day. Most of the whiteflies died. But do not use when there is flowering potted flowers, otherwise it will cause phytotoxicity to flowers.
First, it is very important to choose a good soil for the soil to grow vigorously. Culture soil should be formulated according to the type of flowers. For example, if we first need to understand the characteristics of the origin of the cultivated soil and then select the soil, we can also use a relatively common culture soil, which is a mixture of rot-leaf, fine sand and garden soil. As a result, this cultivation of soil is better, and most flowers use it to grow very strong. The rot leaves can be made by the pit burying method: in the fall, the leaves of the broad-leaved trees are collected and filled into the dug pits. When the deciduous fill in the pit is about 10 centimeters from the surface of the ground, the water poured into the pit has just fallen into the degree. Wait until most of the water seeps into the ground. Then cover the fallen leaves with solid soil and then cover the pit with a piece of plastic film. In the spring of next year, the rot leaves will be dug out of the pit and will be turned over once every few days to make it weathered and sieved to become rot. This kind of soil has good air permeability, strong water retention, acidic reaction, no calcareous, and long-lasting fertility.
Second, watering watering operations is crucial for flower cultivation, and many people often affect the flower cultivation effect due to poor mastery of this skill. Flower type: different flowers, water requirements are also different, for example, aquatic plants can not do without water at the moment, succulent plants once a week watering but beneficial, and most of the foliage plants need to keep the soil in a state of micro-tide. Plant status: Generally small or newly propagated plants are not tolerant to drought; larger plants or shaped plants are more tolerant to drought. Cultivation site: The flowers placed in the open air need more water, and the flowers placed in the greenhouse need less water. Seasonal changes: Summer is dry and hot, flowers need more water, winter is low, flowers grow slowly, transpiration is small, and watering is less. Soil Humidity: For flowers that are in a growing state, whether it is a cultivator or a cultivator, the soil must be watered when it gets dry. In autumn and winter, with the decrease of temperature, many cold-resistant flowers need to enter the room to avoid the cold. However, due to improper watering, flowers or fallen leaves, or leggy, even death. Therefore, the first thing you should pay attention to is the watering time. It is best to water in the morning with a strong eye and water in the evening as little as possible. In addition, we should pay attention to the principle of pouring groundwater from large trees and small pots. In addition, when the flower enters the room, be sure to wait until the potted soil is dry before it is watered. Even flowers that are sexually moist and moist, such as Calla Lily, Begonia Four Seasons, etc., should be treated with water after the surface of the potted soil is dried. For those flowers that are sexually pleasing to the environment, such as tiger skins, cactus, etc., it must be plowed and then watered from top to bottom.
Third, fertilization In order to ensure that all the normal flower growth, flowering, fertilization is essential.
Whether there is a lack of fertilizer: Flowers do not require large amounts of fertilizer at all stages of life. In addition to the timely replenishment of fertilizers during periods of vigorous growth, other stages such as seedlings, dormancy, and senescence do not require much fertilizer.
Clear fertilizer: As there are many kinds of fertilizers, it is necessary to know what is organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer.å¨ 5 is a single fertilizer, compound fertilizer. To understand the role, characteristics and usage of these fertilizers. Then according to the lack of fertilizer in the flowers to determine the application of fertilizer, so as to achieve a targeted.
Fertilizer application method: Fertilizer application is generally divided into base fertilizer and top dressing in two forms. Basal fertilizers generally use slow-growing organic fertilizers. Generally, top-dressing inorganic fertilizers are used for top-dressing. The commonly used method is to dissolve them in water to make a 0.1% to 0.5% fertilizer solution. The so-called fertilizer water is then watered or sprayed. .
Fertilization environment: After fertilization, watering must be followed in time to allow the Yang flowers to receive sufficient light, and to shade the shades of shade flowers to ensure their smooth assimilation. In winter, it is necessary to fertilize more quickly growing flowers, such as spider plants, asparagus, clivia, begonia, geranium, cyclamen, carnation, etc. It is advisable to pour water every week; for those who grow slowly, fertilization should be less, such as rhododendrons. Fusang, hibiscus, smiling, chrysanthemum, jasmine, cycad, camellia, monstera, sweet peas, etc., can be applied once every half a month; fertilizers for growth stagnation must be free, such as sweet-scented osmanthus, lotus, pomegranate, rose, liquid clove, corn poppy And so on, there is no need to top-dress all winter. Fourth, light flowers to grow well, must be in accordance with the habits of flowers to arrange planting sites.
The flowers that enjoy a strong light environment include: half-branch lotus, cosmos, muskleaf, tiger thorn plum, tiger skin, golden oyster, snapdragon, chrysanthemum, agave, rose, canna, Milan, jasmine, and woody ivory red , peony, pansy, peony, pomegranate, water lily, gladiolus, geranium, carnation, cactus, rubber tree, tuberose, a string of red, rose, fig, violet and so on. The flowers that like the low-light environment include: cranes, Monstera, smiles, moth orchids, green radish, peony, asparagus, adiantum, asparagus, yucca, and other leaves.
In summer, flowers that need to be shaded need to be shaded by arbors or shaded by trees, houses, and climbing plants to avoid direct sunlight.
V. Ventilation In a ventilated environment, the needs of flowers for carbon dioxide can be met, so that more nutrients can be produced through photosynthesis to create the plant's own organs. The flowers that belong to this category are: Dahlia, hibiscus, Dutch chrysanthemum, cineraria, Chrysanthemum, woody ivory red, jasmine, grape, pomegranate, geranium, poinsettia, Chinese rose. Due to the many tropical rain forests that prefer the leeward environment, they prefer a humid environment with high humidity. The flowers that fall into this category are: plantain, crane, bamboo zebra, boston fern, monstera, lotus, flamingo, moth orchid, ruby ​​xilin, emerald xilin, dandelion, adiantum Wait. Such flowers should be placed in sheltered areas to minimize wind damage.
Sixth, change the basin late spring and early summer, is to pay attention to potted flowers and more concentrated stage. It is necessary to master the correct flower replacement method. In the first two days of preparing the basin, first apply some thin fertilizer to the flowers that need to be changed. In this way, the plants are easily pulled out of the pots, and the time for slow seedlings is greatly shortened. Afterwards, the flowerpots, basal fertilizers, and cultivation soils used were gradually prepared. When changing pots, the left hand will support the pots and the right hand will turn the pots upside down on the soil or on the steps to change the position of the pots so that the soil can be removed from the pots. Take it out. If the surface of the soil is full of old roots, cut it off with a sharp knife and cut off part of the shoulder and foot soil. Don't get rid of all fertilizers in the whole operation. Put a thin layer of soil in a prepared pot and put a small amount of base fertilizer. After covering the basal fertiliser with some cultivation soils, the mulched soil mulch is placed in a pot, and the soil is filled.
Pay attention to the surface of potted soil to leave a few centimeters of open space along the pot basin, so as to facilitate subsequent watering. Therefore, it is advisable to add it to the ground slightly higher than the surface of the soil when filling the soil. Then pour the water for the freshly changed pots. Remember to place the pots in a place that does not get in the way and is suitable for flower seedlings before watering. Because the pot is moved immediately after the water is boiled, it is inconvenient to move the potted soil with water, and secondly, when the pot is transferred, the cultivated soil will leak from the bottom hole of the flower pot, thus causing unnecessary troubles.
VII. The causes of diseases and diseases of flowers include non-infectious diseases and infectious diseases. The main causes of non-communicable diseases are temperature, sunlight, humidity, drought, phlegm, severe cold, insufficient nutrients or disorders, and mechanical damage. For example, in the summer, the water plants are withered or burned, and the leaves are burnt. In winter, the leaves suffer freezing injury. The sour flowers spend a long time with alkaline water and cause iron deficiency. The leaves yellow and white and dry. The toxic gases in the air are polluted. This type of disease only affects the victim's own disease and cannot reinfect it. Infectious diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, viruses, etc., which are caused by parasites in plant bodies, can rapidly multiply, spread and expand in a suitable environment and cause disasters. Common are: Blight: This is a relatively common disease in flower production. The pathogenic bacteria mainly infiltrated the part of the plant's roots and necks and tender stems near the ground. Brown lesions appeared at the initial stage, and later the epidermis necrosed. When the development was severe, the whole plant died. After perennial woody flowers, the infected tissues have become lignified, showing upright withering, such as hibiscus, jasmine, and Gladiolus soaking in the base of the tender stem of sowing seedlings. The seedlings soon fall down from the ground, so it is also called damping-off disease. Common in a string of red, cineraria, cockscomb, carnation and other seedling stage. In open field cultivation, the incidence was highest from mid-May to August; greenhouses or hotbeds were more common when seedlings had 1-2 true leaves.
The prevention and control measures must first be thoroughly disinfected with the soil for seedling raising. Bed soil shall be poured with 40% formalin, 50 ml water, and 10 kg water per square meter, and covered with straw curtains after one week sowing or planting. Before sowing, flowers seeds that are susceptible to disease should be seed-sweeded with 2/1000 of seed weight, and beards should be filled with bottom water to ensure that there are no water shortages within 3 weeks after the seedlings are unearthed. After the seedlings are unearthed, they can be watered per square meter. 1 to 2 kg of ferrous sulfate is used for prevention. And it should strengthen ventilation as early as possible. For the first-time sick seedlings, a 300-400-fold dilution of 50% of the daisenamine solution can be used, and 2-4 kg of sterile seedlings can be poured per square meter. For the disease-prone flowers (May-August), the above-mentioned liquid medicine can be poured once every two weeks to prevent the occurrence of germs. Powdery mildew: It is a common disease of flowers that harms the leaves, shoots, pedicels and other parts of the plant or even the whole plant. The site of disease was pale gray at the beginning, and then a layer of white powder or hairy hair was born. When they were covered with leaves, the leaves were curled and the young shoots were bent to stop growing. Sometimes it also infects buds that are not open, eventually causing fallen leaves or killing the plants. Powdery mildew occurs when the temperature reaches 18-30 °C, the relative humidity of air is 55-85%, especially when the environment is hot and unventilated. Prevention and control measures should mainly improve the cultivation conditions, control temperature and humidity, and pay attention to ventilation and light transmission. In the cultivation, nitrogen fertilizer should be less applied, and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be applied to increase plant resistance. At the beginning of the disease, the diseased leaves and pedicels should be promptly removed and burned, or the diseased plants must be isolated; or the lime sulfur should be sprayed at a wave degree of 0.3 degrees. After the onset of disease, 1000 times the 5% solution of dexamonium or 1000 times thiophanate was sprayed.
Black mold: Harmful evergreen woody flowers. The first leaves showed dark brown mildew spots, which later expanded to form black soot layer, affecting the photosynthesis of flowers, making the plants grow weak and affecting the appearance, causing serious death of the whole plant. Prevention and control measures are mainly to enhance ventilation and light transmission, reduce indoor humidity, eradicate harm to scale insects and aphids, and eliminate the conditions for the occurrence of molds. Equal amounts of Bordeaux mixture can be sprayed on the affected plants.
8. Insect pests have many types of insect pests. Often one flower is harmed by various pests, affecting the normal growth of the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits of flowers and losing their ornamental value. There are two kinds of mouthparts for pests that harm flowers: one is a chewing mouthpart, such as larvae, centipedes, moths, larvae, and borers. The other is a sucking mouthpiece, which is inserted into the plant tissue using an insect needle-like mouthpiece and sucks the subcutaneous sap, such as aphids, spider mites, whiteflies, and scale insects.
Aphids: The most common pests of flowers, clustered in the young part of the plant to absorb plant sap, resulting in the curly shoots of the young shoots dry, the excrement of the aphids have honeydew, and can also cause plant infection black mold.
Control methods can be sprayed 1500 times dimethoate, or with fish rattan, tobacco water, pyrethrum and other prevention and treatment. You can also use detergent 1000 times, preferably using enzyme detergent, because the enzyme contained in it can strongly destroy the epidermis tissue of the aphid and thus produce a significant killing effect. One spray should spray 2 times 3 times. Every week is an interval.
Scale insects: There are a large number of scale insects that harm flowers. Their diet is very complex. Almost all grass and flowers can be damaged, resulting in yellowing or even yellowing of the leaves. The excrement often causes black mold, which causes the leaves of the flowers to grow black and affect growth. And flowering.
Control methods should use 800.4 dichlorvos emulsifiable concentrate or 50% malathion EC in the active period of post- hatching larvae. They can be sprayed several times in a row for a few days, and the control effect is significant. It is also possible to use a thin stick wrapped around some cotton wool to hold the leaves of the victim's branches and carefully wipe the scale insects off.
Red spider: the scope of harm to the flowers is very wide, with the most serious damage in 6, 7, 8 months, using sucking mouth device to suck the sap of the plant, so that the leaves appear yellow-white spots, so that the plants grow weak, deciduous, so that the whole plant is brown lethal. Prevention and control methods must be timely and can be used 1500 times dimethoate or 800 dichlorvos EC spray; also use 25% insecticidal lice plus water 1000 times spray. At the same time, the humidity should be increased and ventilation should be enhanced to reduce breeding.
Whitefly: This is commonly known as the white moth. Whiteflies cause great difficulties because they can fly. Flowers are often harmed with a string of red, cineraria, fuchsia, geranium, gerbera, a flower, rose, jasmine, hibiscus, etc., nymphs and adults are mostly fixed on the back of the leaf, sucking plant juice using a sucking mouth device, Leaves the leaves yellow, and leaves the leaves dead and falling when severe. Control methods to use dichlorvos fumigation or spray to remove governance, spray 80% dichlorvos 1500 times per 10 kilograms of medicine plus detergent (small in alkaline is better) one or two to increase the liquid's adhesion, the adults once The double-winged medicine that touched the medicine immediately adhered and lost its ability to fly, causing poisoning to die. However, this medicine is not effective for eggs and cockroaches. It must be sprayed once a week for good results.
Fumigation method: 80% of dichlorvos is added with water 100 to 200 times evenly sprayed on the ground, and then the doors and windows are sealed, or the plants are sprinkled with plastic covers and the shed can be opened after half a day. Most of the whiteflies died. But do not use when there is flowering potted flowers, otherwise it will cause phytotoxicity to flowers.
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