Chilean scientists discover the principle of brain weight control

On February 13, 2007, a groundbreaking discovery was made by Chilean scientists at the Catholic University of Chile. Researchers uncovered a key mechanism in the brain that regulates body weight by integrating signals from satiety and energy storage. This finding offers new insight into how the brain manages food intake and energy balance. The study revealed that fat tissue releases a hormone called leptin, which acts as a messenger to the brain, informing it about the body's energy reserves. In obese individuals, however, the transport of leptin to the brain is impaired. The number of transporters responsible for delivering this hormone is significantly reduced, preventing leptin from reaching the brain effectively. As a result, the brain remains unaware that the body has sufficient energy, leading to continued hunger and overeating. Fernando Torreyaval, a professor of biological sciences at the university, explained that the human brain evolved in an environment where food scarcity was common. Therefore, it developed mechanisms to store energy efficiently. However, these adaptations are now out of sync with modern environments filled with abundant food. This research aligns with previous findings from Harvard University, where scientists identified an enzyme in the brain that monitors and regulates cellular energy levels. This enzyme, known as AMP-activated protein kinase, plays a crucial role in controlling appetite and body weight. Together, these discoveries highlight the complex interplay between the brain and the body’s energy systems, offering potential pathways for future treatments of obesity and related metabolic disorders.

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