Mudanpi is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, has the effect of heat and cooling blood, blood circulation, can be used for the treatment of warm poison spots, vomiting blood stasis, night heat early cool, no sweat bone steaming, amenorrhea dysmenorrhea, swollen sore and Battered and hurt. According to studies, the dried root bark of medicinal peony paeonia ostii t. honget jx zhang ssp. lishizhenensis ba shen produced in Fengshan Mountain and Nanling County, Tongling County, Anhui Province, is the traditional authentic Chinese medicinal material “Fengdan Piâ€. Among the national moutan medicinal materials, the quality is the best and the output is the highest. According to the “Four Sonic Materia Medica†in the Tang Dynasty, medicinal peony root was recorded: “Today's Hezhou is good, white is good, red is good, and Hezhou and Xuanzhou are goodâ€. According to textual research, now Phoenix Mountain and Nanling in Tongling County. County Lushan was under the jurisdiction of Xuanzhou in the Tang Dynasty. It can thus be seen that there was a distribution of wild medicinal peony in Xuanzhou during the Tang Dynasty more than 1,000 years ago. Later, due to the influence of the “Four Sounds of Materia Medica†propaganda and the use of traditional Chinese medicine as a mulberry bark, wild resources could not meet people’s medicinal needs and gradually turned into large-scale artificial cultivation. According to the investigation and research, the natural conditions of Phoenix Mountain in Tongling County and Nanshan County in Anhui Province are very suitable for the growth of medicinal peony, and they are propagated by seeds, and their original plant morphology is stable. In addition, there are still wild medicinal peony on the cliff precipice near Yinping Mountain in Chaohu City, Anhui Province, which is set in the “Four Sounds of Materia Medica†(now Anhui Chaohu area and county).
1 plant morphology
The main difference between the medicinal peony and the original variety Yangshan peony paeonia ostii t. hong et jx zhang is that the leaves have one to two pinnate compound leaves, two pinnate compound leaves, the lobule is as long as 14cm, and the width is 8cm; the petiole is long 35mm; flowers larger, diameter 14 ~ 20cm, petal length 7 ~ 10cm; bone spores 5 ~ 8, length 3.5 ~ 4.5cm; seed length 9 ~ 12mm.
2 growth habits
Medicinal peony is hardy (-12°C), drought-tolerant and water-scarious. Regardless of shady slope or sunny slope, all neutral or slightly acidic sandy loam with fertile soil, deep soil layer, loose soil, good drainage and ventilation performance is Can be planted. Strongly acidic soils, saline-alkali soils, clays, low-wetlands, and shades are not suitable for planting.
3 breeding methods
Medicinal peony roots are usually single, rarely bifurcated, and there are more well-developed mature seeds in their fruits. Therefore, seed propagation production is usually adopted in its authentic production areas.
3.1 Seed Collection and Processing
Medicinal peony generally has 70% plant flowering results in the spring of the second year after planting, and it begins to enter full flowering stage in the spring of the third year, with 1 to 3 flowers per plant, and 5 to 15 plants per spring for the fourth to sixth years of spring. Flowers, seeds of 30 to 70 grains per flower. When the seeds are mature in late July, they are collected back into the booth and their thickness is 20cm. Do not ventilate indoors to maintain a certain humidity. If the weather is too dry, it is advisable to spray a small amount of water and turn it 1 or 2 times a day to avoid fever. After 10 to 15 days, the fruits will crack and the fruit shells will be removed. The seeds will be collected and the seeds will be sowed in autumn. Before sowing, seeds need to be stored in layers with wet sand.
3.2 sowing seedlings
The seeds can be sown from late August to mid-November, and the best sowing time is in the middle and late September. Select seeds that are full and shiny black and sown. Soaking in warm water at 45°C for 24 hours before sowing. Generally used hole or drill. The width of seedlings is 1.3 to 2m.
3.2.1 sowing
Row spacing 30cm, spacing 20cm, acupuncture points were arranged. Dig a hole, the hole depth is about 12cm, diameter is about 5cm, the bottom of the hole should be flat. Apply appropriate amount of cake fat and calcium superphosphate as basal fertilizer to each hole, cover with 3cm thick fine soil, and compact and level. Then about 20 seeds per hole, the seeds should be evenly distributed within the hole, keeping 2 to 3 cm apart. Use about 150kg per acre.
3.2.2 broadcast
According to the spacing of 25cm, the sowing width is 10 to 20cm, and the 6cm deep sowing groove is opened horizontally. Seeds are evenly spread into the ditch. The amount per mu is about 100kg.
After the sowing or drilling, the sealed soil shall be sealed so that no depressions will form on the surface and then the grass will be added. The seedlings are unearthed from late February to early March and can be transplanted and planted two years later.
In addition to the above-mentioned seed propagation production, medicinal peony can also be divided and rooted. Generally choose 3 to 4 years old plants, dig out the whole plant, cut the main root for medicinal purposes, intercept the stem root and the root at the junction with the lateral root section (about 12 ~ 15cm) as a seeding root, try to retain the fine root , planting along the natural growth form. Field management reproduces with seeds. The partial root propagation coefficient is extremely small and is not suitable for large-scale medicinal material production. At present, the producing areas are usually not produced by this method.
4 planting technology
4.1 Selection and Site Preparation
Generally, slopes with a high topography, a deep soil layer, ample sunlight and well-drained slopes can be selected from 10 to 45. It is better to use a mild slope of 15 to 20 barren hills. After selecting the barren hills, weeds and stalks of weeds are cut down in the winter or early spring, paved on the ground, and burned after being dried. This will eliminate the overwintering eggs, but also loosened the wasteland and facilitate the digging of the ground. In the period of 6 to 8 months before planting, it is necessary to deeply plunge once a month for a total of three times. The first time to dig 60 ~ 75cm deep, clods should not be broken in order to facilitate the sun. The second time is detailed, the depth is the same as before, and the edges are cleared to remove grassroots and other debris. In particular, the Rhizoma Imperatae must be removed finely for the third time. The depth is 50-60cm, and the leveling can be made into a high profile. Should be trimmed into a turtleback shape, so as to prevent water stains, alum width of 1.5 ~ 2m, ditch depth 30cm, width 40cm, the bottom of the groove to be flat.
4.2 Colonization
In general around October, the two-year-old seedlings are picked up and transplanted. According to the line spacing 35cm dig acupuncture points, depth 20 ~ 35cm, seedlings into the hole does not bend prevail, the appropriate amount of base fertilizer applied (150kg rapeseed cake per acre applied fertilizer). Each hole was planted with 2 thick seedlings or 3 seedlings. When planting seedlings, the seedlings should be arranged in a fan-shaped arrangement within the hole. When the filling is halfway up, gently raise the seedlings upwards by hand so that the seedling shoots are 3 cm away from the surface of the seedlings. Then layered soil compaction, so that the roots stretch and close to the soil.
4.3 Field Management
In the second year after planting, the top dressing is applied twice a year, the first time before sprouting in the spring, and the second when it leaves in autumn and winter. Fertilizer is dominated by rapeseed cake, and the amount of fertilizer used in spring is 75-100kg per mu. Human urine and cattle dung can also be added. The amount of fertilizer used in winter is 100-150kg per mu, and livestock manure can also be added. Fertilizer should pay attention to put the cake fertilizer to the soil 6cm away from the root, in order to prevent burns at the root, resulting in plant necrosis. Cultivating grass and cultivating soil in clear trenches are also measures that cannot be ignored to increase production. Weeds should be kept in the ground and they should not be set aside. Especially in summer and autumn, there can be no grass shortage phenomenon, otherwise it will not only affect the yield, but also affect the quality of herbs. Every time after the rain to dry to clear the ditch, do not cause poor drainage, resulting in disease. After flowering in the third or fourth year after planting, all flower buds can be removed except planting plants. Before November each year, the yellow leaves should be cut off.
5 Pest control
5.1 Disease
5.1.1 Leaf spot
Occurs between the summer solstice and the beginning of autumn. Yellow or yellow-brown spots appeared at the beginning of the leaves and became black spots after 1 to 3 days. Thereafter, they gradually expanded into irregular rhythm. When the leaves were severe, all the scorched leaves fell. The weather is hot and the sprawl is particularly rapid. It is often the case that all the land is stained with glass. 2 Spray the foliage with a 1:1:150 Bordeaux mixture for 7 days and spray several times. If the temperature is high at the time, it can be sprayed with a Bordeaux mixture diluted 1:1:200.
5.1.2 Root rot
According to tests, root rot is a fungal attack caused by peony plants. It is difficult to find the disease at the time of its initial development. When the disease state is seen from the leaves, the root bark of the disease has eroded into black, and the soil around the root of the diseased plant often has yellow net-like hyphae. The disease is a common disease. It is scattered and occurs. The leaves of the plant become atrophic at the initial stage of infection, and then fall off. Finally, all of them die. If it is not controlled in time, it will spread to surrounding plants. Especially in rainy days, the soil is too wet to spread quickly.
Control methods: 1 day (in July) should be turned over to the plot. 2 After the disease is found, the diseased soil and its surrounding soil should be promptly removed, and the surrounding plants should be watered with a 1:100 ferrous sulfate solution to prevent the spread of infection.
In addition to the above common diseases, there is anthrax rust and peony white peony because of its less occurrence. Therefore, it is not stated.
5.2 Insect pests
The main insect pests are cockroaches, tapeworms, ticks, and larvae. Trichlorfon is generally available for control.
6 Harvesting and Processing
3 to 5 years after planting can be harvested, preferably 4 years. The harvesters in August said that they had "more than enough water", which was easy to process, tough and white, but their quality and output were low. Harvesters in October called “autumn goods†with hard texture and difficult processing, but their quality and output are relatively high. The excavation shall be conducted on a sunny day. All the roots of the plants shall be excavated, and the soil shall be shaken off. The fresh roots shall be cut and placed in the cool place for 1 to 2 days until they lose moisture and become soft (used to be called "run water"). Remove fibrous roots (tans), grasp the fresh roots by hand, crack the root skin, and pull out the wooden heart. High-quality medicinal materials, Fengdan, are not shaved and dried directly. Root bar is thicker and straighter, powdery than the root bark, with a bamboo knife or broken bowl pieces scrape the outer cork, dried, that is, scrape Dan, also known as scraping Dan, pink Danpi. Root bar is fine, powder is poor or there is a worm's root bark, do not scrape the outer skin, directly dried, known as even Dan, also known as Dan Pi Dan Pi, Lian Pi Dan, Lian Dan. During processing, according to the thickness of the root strip and the size of the powder, the sun is spread separately according to different product specifications so as to be sold.
Medicinal peony mu produce fresh root 800 ~ 2000kg. The dry rate is 30 to 35%.
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