In Chengde, Zhangjiakou of our province, Chaoyang of Liaoning, and Chifeng of Inner Mongolia, there are a lot of greenhouses planting winter cucumbers. These overwintering cucumbers were mostly planted around November, and production was completed by the end of May of the following year. From June to October, the greenhouse has a leisure period of about 140 days. Most of the greenhouses are idle. Only a few greenhouses grow some leafy vegetables. The benefits of growing leafy vegetables are generally not high.
In order to improve the utilization rate of greenhouses in summer and autumn, Chengde City promotes the cultivation of hard-fruited tomatoes in plastic sheds throughout the summer. At the same time, demonstration and promotion of the use of greenhouse protection facilities, the planting of hard-fruited tomatoes during the summer and autumn leisure stages of greenhouses has been successful. During the 140-day leisure period of summer and autumn, 8000 kilograms of hard-fruited tomatoes can be produced per acre greenhouse, with an output value of 15,000 yuan and a net profit of 10,000 yuan. Received multiple effects to increase greenhouse utilization, reduce production costs, and increase production efficiency.
I. Tomato planting arrangements
Winter cucumbers in greenhouses are generally planted around November, and production is completed at the end of May and early June of the following year. Hard tomatoes were sown in early May and transplanted in early June until the end of mid-October.
Second, greenhouse consolidation
After the production of cucumbers, the plastic film covered in greenhouses is still used as a protective film for tomato against rain, sun exposure, pest control and late autumn heat preservation. The wire and slings used to hang the cucumbers in the room continue to be used as tomato condolences. In summer, serious insect infestation occurs. A 40-mesh insect net should be installed in the ventilated greenhouse. Sunshade nets should also be prepared and used for shading and cooling in summer. In addition to netting the sundries in the greenhouse, a high-quality farmhouse fertilizer of 8 cubic meters and a compound fertilizer of 80 to 100 kg per acre is applied. After plowing after planting, the depth of 30 cm, manure and soil should be fully mixed, while at the same time flattening the field surface.
Third, species selection
Tomato varieties selected for the cultivation of hard fruit tomatoes in summer should have strong heat resistance and disease resistance. It is best to have certain resistance to infectious disease such as virus disease, leaf mold, canker disease, and early blight disease, such as tomato green shoulders, empty fruit, and fruit set, which are prone to occur in high temperature seasons. At present, the hard-to-tomato varieties that have been selected for testing and production are Gray and Braun.
IV. Transplanting seedlings
Tomatoes are sown in early May and are 20 to 25 days old. Can be used to nurse seedlings or nutritious soil cutting block seedlings, grow to 4 to 5 true leaves when transplanted. Transplanting and colonization were planted by watering with a row spacing of 90 cm and a row spacing of 60 cm. When the single stalk is used for pruning, the plant spacing is 50 centimeters, and about 1800 plants are planted per acre; if the double culms are pruned, the plant spacing is 70 centimeters, and about 1200 planted acres are planted. After planting, dig a depth of 25 centimeters in depth and 30 centimeters in width in the middle of a 90 centimeter row. Ditch the soil in the ditch to both sides of the ditch. Then dig a shallow ditch with a depth of 8 to 10 centimeters between the small rows of 60 centimeters. Soil will be cultured around the plants. After the watering and topdressing are carried out in the ditch.
Fifth, the whole fruit
Hard-tomatoes are mainly single-stalked pruning, and double-stalked pruning can also be used. Single straw stalking leaves 6 spikes per plant, and double stalk stalks leave 9 spikes. After thinning and fruit thinning, an average of 4.5 fruit per panicle was retained.
Sixth, water and fertilizer management
After the colonization of tomatoes, in order to prevent the occurrence of tomato virus disease and promote the rapid and robust growth of the seedlings, the water-free seedlings are not controlled, and the water is poured. Soil moisture is maintained at 70%-80% of the maximum water capacity in the field. It is forbidden that the soil is too dry and dry. When the first fruit begins to grow, it will be top-dressed. After every 1 fruit, or top-dressing once every 10 days, tomato special fertilizer can be directly used.
Seven, temperature management
The daytime temperature should be controlled within 32°C and nighttime should be controlled above 14°C. In summer, the temperature is mainly controlled by cooling. When the temperature is lowered, vents are opened at the lower part and the top of the shed. When the temperature is too high, shade nets can be used to reduce the temperature.
VIII. Pest Control
Prevent pests and diseases mainly. The correct management of water, fertilizer, temperature, and humidity is used to control pests and diseases using drugs. The physiological diseases such as green shoulders, flower faces, and empty fruits, which are easily accessible to tomatoes in the summer heat season, must be prevented through proper cultivation and management. Diseases that need to be controlled mainly include viral diseases, leaf mold, early blight, late blight and canker diseases. The pests that are mainly controlled include whitefly, aphids, Liriomyza sativae, cotton bollworm and underground pests.
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