Maintaining good reproductive performance of sows can greatly increase pig production technical indicators, which is the basis for achieving good economic returns on farms. I found in the service that many farmers have problems with sow management. Here, I would like to communicate with my peers on this issue.
One, sow selection error
1. Diversification of sow herds on some farms: binary crosses, three-way crosses, and even multiple crosses; the problems that arise are: fattening pigs, high or low in body size, short or long, fat thin. The coat is white, red, black and red. The growth rate is fast and slow, and the size is not uniform; the pigs are poor in orderliness, and they do not sell like pigs. Second, the estrus is not normal, the estrus is not estrus, the estrus performance is not obvious, the breeding rate is not high, the litter size is low, the third is the poor production efficiency, the whole group of meat is higher than the general 0.2:1, daily gain can be Reduce 100~200g/day.
2. The purchasing bank will eliminate sows: Most of these sows are aging, have poor performance, or have problems like this; this not only affects the production performance, but may also introduce pathogens, potentially threatening.
Second, sow feed selection error
1. Finishing pig feed is fed to sows; the use of breeding pigs and finishing pigs, nutrition standards and feeding and management methods are all different. This determines that mother-family pigs must use special feeds to ensure their normal growth and reproduction performance.
2. Since sows with incomplete nutrition are fed to the sows, as the breeding intensity of the pig breeds becomes greater and greater, the nutritional requirements for the sows at each stage are getting higher and higher, especially the feed requirements of the sows are getting higher and higher. However, some pig farms use large amounts of local resources to formulate sow feeds and strive to minimize the cost of feed, which often results in insufficient feed nutrients and lack of balance of nutrients. Some even use roughage and green fodder (grass) as the main source, with little or no addition of premixes, protein feeds, and energy feeds. This has a great influence on the reproductive performance of sows, some long-term weight loss, shortened service life.
Third, mistakes in sow feeding and management
1. Reserve gilts: First, treat them as fattening pigs, allowing them to eat freely, causing sows to grow too large and affecting reproductive skills. Instead, they should treat them as basic sows and feed them on the worst feed. Cause sow thin, poor growth and development.
2. Basic sows: One is to feed fully with compound feed, resulting in excess nutrients, sows are obese; second is excessive feeding, resulting in inadequate nutrition, sows are thin.
3. Poor sanitation of the pig house: Sows are susceptible to skin diseases, etc. Due to the systemic sewage, it is easy to pass the milk to the body surface to pass the pathogens to the piglets; the pathogens can also be passed to the boar through mating.
4. Sows out of time: some older, significantly reduced calving; some long-term estrus, multiple mating infertility: some genital tract inflammation, long-term infertility, etc. continue to raise, not timely eliminated. I have discovered that some sow sows do not produce a single child in a year or so and are still keeping them. As a production machine, the sow cannot produce normally, which will inevitably result in a decrease in overall production performance and production efficiency.
5. Sow population structure is irrational: the normal sow structure should be the first child and the proportion of multiple births, the proportion of the second to seventh child is relatively large, generally up to 70%. Can have better reproductive indicators. In addition, the number of sows should be proportional to the boar, usually 25:1; it will not result in excessive use of boars too low, affecting reproductive effects.
III. Do not pay attention to epidemic prevention work
Many pig farms pay little attention to the prevention work of sows, and do not substantially affect the diseases that affect sow breeding, such as pseudorabies, parvovirus, Japanese encephalitis, swine fever, brucellosis, and streptococcus. It is necessary to carry out immunization work, not to mention establishing a sound surveillance system for epidemic prevention.
IV. Measures to improve reproductive performance of sows
1. Establish and improve the epidemic prevention system according to the local epidemic situation and the epidemic prevention status of the introduction field, such as once a week; maintain cleanliness and hygiene; aim to carry out immunity against swine fever, pseudorabies, parvovirus, Japanese encephalitis, Streptococcus and other diseases.
2. Standardized feeding management technology
(1) Feeding method: In addition to cutting the material before the second day after sowing, the sow should increase the amount of feed to about 3.5 kg before mating and resume as soon as possible. In the first and second trimester of pregnancy, the dose is 2.5 kg; in the later period of pregnancy, the amount of feeding is increased by 1 kg; before the 5th day of lactation, the amount of feed is appropriately reduced, and about 5 kg is fed daily. Perennial supply of green feed is guaranteed.
(2) Maintain the normal condition of the sow: prevent the sows from becoming fat or too thin. During the lactation period, the sow’s weight loss (postpartum body weight to weaning weight) is controlled at around 10 kilograms.
(3) Management of gilts: weighing about 120 kg, 7-8 months of age, and second to third estrous cycles. Group feeding is carried out, with a daily feed of 2.5 kilograms; after 100 kilograms, feed is restricted, avoiding the formation of excess fat, and giving suitable sports facilities.
(4) Raising the number of sows per year: First, weaning sows timely, and second, shortening the number of days between sows estrus. The key to the management of sows during childbirth and lactation is to control the sow's weight difference within 15 kg, so that the sow’s physical exertion is not large, which is conducive to estrus as soon as possible after weaning; the management focus during weaning to breeding is to use the boar effect and other Means to stimulate the estrus of sows, the public drive to bred to use breeding boar barking, heterosexual odor to achieve this purpose. In addition breeding shelters should pay attention to cold, warm, good light, group feeding, can promote the estrus of sows, increase the number of ovulation. The management focus after mating is that the amount of feed should be limited immediately after mating, about half a month and about 45 days after the second fetus is checked, and if the sow is pregnant as soon as possible.
(5) Increase the number of sow farrowing calves: Mainly in line with the timely mating, there are data that the sows estrus is allowed to breed about 12 hours after the start of the boar crossover, the number of litters and the highest rate of conception. Actual operation is generally within 6-24 hours after the sow has allowed the boar to cross. Sows are over- or under-slaughtered, feed is given in excess during pre-pregnancy, and stress and fever can affect litter size. The increase of 10-20% in the amount of feed during the end of pregnancy can increase litter size and birth weight.
(6) Raising the sow fertility rate: The direct cause of the sow fertility rate is that the sows are not affected by the fetus after mating. Therefore, strengthening the management of sow herds and reducing the frequency of returning after mating can increase the fertility rate of sows. Measures to avoid sow return: The reasons for early return of mating (within 40 days of age) are due to discomfort during mating time, boar semen quality is poor, sows are too fat or too thin fertilized eggs are not easy to implant; improper management after mating , excessive feeding, stress, etc. Careful immunization procedures to do a good job of vaccination, elimination of disease-free abortion sows, can greatly reduce the frequency of return of sows.
(7) Rectify the sow herd and establish a good sow's age structure: General sows 3–5 fetuses have the best reproductive performance and 8–9 tires are eliminated. In theory, an average of 4 fetuses for sows can make the pig farm Maintain a high level of reproductive performance, the sow annual elimination rate remained at 25-30%. Sow elimination criteria are: older than 10 sows (litters with good litter size and sows can sustain 1-2 fetuses); diseases, such as long-term treatment of metritis, infectious diseases difficult to treat, multiple abortions and multiple abortions More than 3 times in succession; gilts above 11 months of age are not estrus, aphrodisiac is invalid. After weaning for 2 weeks, there was no estrus and 2 aspirations were invalid. No fetus after mating, no estrus for more than 3 months. Eruption 3 times in a row 3 times without mating. The number of consecutive litters was less than 8 and the piglets were not neat. Abnormal childbirth, such as uterine prolapse, continuous second child dystocia.
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