Crop injury can occur due to a variety of factors, and understanding the causes is essential for effective prevention. On December 8, 2008, at 14:26, an article was published on China Pesticide Network under the category of Technical Articles, which discussed the origins, causes, and prevention methods of crop injury. The article highlighted several key reasons behind such incidents.
Firstly, the use of pesticides that are particularly harmful to certain crops plays a significant role. For instance, crops like sorghum, corn, and soybeans are highly sensitive to trichlorfon and dichlorvos. Similarly, pear trees may suffer from damage when exposed to dioscoreine or chlorpheniramine. Therefore, it's crucial to avoid using these substances on sensitive plants.
Secondly, improper application techniques can lead to crop injury. This includes using incorrect concentrations, applying excessive amounts, or employing unscientific mixing methods. These mistakes can cause chemical burns or other forms of damage to the plants.
Thirdly, applying pesticides during vulnerable growth stages—such as seedling, flowering, or young fruit development—can increase the risk of phytotoxicity. During these periods, plants are more susceptible to stress, especially if their resistance to chemicals is low.
Environmental conditions also play a major role. High temperatures, intense sunlight, dry air, and humidity below 50% can exacerbate the effects of pesticide exposure. Additionally, applying pesticides during rain or dew can lead to runoff or uneven distribution, increasing the likelihood of injury.
Long-lasting pesticides can cause secondary phytotoxicity, especially in multi-layer cropping systems. Some selective herbicides, such as sulfosulfuron, may be safe for upper crops but toxic to lower ones, leading to unintended damage.
Lastly, issues with pesticide quality or misuse can result in crop injury. Poorly manufactured products or incorrect usage practices can have severe consequences on plant health.
To prevent these issues, farmers should thoroughly understand the properties of the pesticides they use, strictly control dosages and concentrations, and choose appropriate application methods. Sensitive crops should either be avoided or used with caution. During critical growth stages, such as seedling or flowering, it’s advisable to reduce concentrations or limit pesticide use. Avoiding application during high temperatures, drought, or windy conditions is also important.
Proper planting arrangements can help prevent cross-contamination between upper and lower crops, reducing the risk of drift and secondary harm. Before applying new pesticides, a small-scale trial should always be conducted to assess potential risks.
If crop injury does occur, several treatment measures can be taken. Irrigation is an effective method to flush out excess chemicals from the soil. Spraying water on affected plants can help wash away residual pesticides. Ensuring adequate watering allows roots to absorb more moisture, diluting the concentration of harmful substances within the plant.
Antidotes can also be used based on the type of injury. For example, gibberellin solutions may be applied to counteract damage caused by growth inhibitors like paclobutrazol or daiminotoluene. Fertilization through topdressing can support root development and promote recovery. Applying available fertilizers such as ammonium bicarbonate, urea, or manure can enhance nutrient uptake and stimulate new leaf growth.
Foliar sprays are another effective remedy. Solutions like 0.1% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or 0.2% to 0.3% urea can be sprayed directly onto leaves to speed up recovery. Products such as Foliar Treasure, Shibaobao, Green Wind 95, Shiji Nongfeng, Multi-Effect Vitality Elements, Huimanfeng, and Fengchanling are also recommended for their quick absorption and growth-stimulating properties.
By following these preventive and corrective measures, farmers can significantly reduce the risk of crop injury and maintain healthy, productive crops.
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