Poplar fast-growing, high-yield, high-quality, high-efficiency, is the main afforestation tree species in China to build fast-growing and high-yield forests, farmland forest nets, village houses and ecological protection forests. China has a warm climate and abundant rainfall. It is suitable for poplar growth and has great development potential. It is an important way to change the status of lack of materials and ecological environment in the short term. Poplar has become an important industrial raw material for plywood, fiberboard, particleboard, paper, matches, sanitary chopsticks and packaging. The latest practical and new technical points of high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency cultivation of poplar are briefly described as follows:
(1) Choosing good varieties
It can be used to promote Shan Ha Yang, Lu Shan Yang, Sheng Shan Yang, Europe and America Yang 13, Europe and America Yang 14, Evergreen Yang and other internationally advanced varieties.
(2) Cultivate strong seedlings
1. Selection of earthworms: It should be selected on sandy loam soil or loam soil with convenient transportation, sufficient water source, convenient drainage and irrigation, deep and fertile soil, loose and breathable sand.
2, land preparation: deep turn the soil 30-40cm, the implementation of two tillage and two hoes, to achieve fine, thorough, leveling.
3, the base of the lower foot fertilizer: 100 kg of cake fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer per acre, 30 kg of potassium fertilizer, and another 5 kg of urea in the seedling stage.
4, timely cutting: to mid-December to the middle of March next year is appropriate.
5. Cutting density; the middle and lower parts of the seedlings are cut into 15-17 cm long strips, and the seedlings are planted at a density of 510-2200 mu per mu according to the row spacing of 5060 cm or 5070 cm.
6, seedling management: timely drought and drainage, timely and appropriate amount of topdressing, loosening soil 7-10 times, often smear, timely control of pests and diseases.
(3) Adapting to the appropriate tree
The poplar is suitable for planting in soil with rich and fertile soil, good ventilation, sufficient water, and groundwater level below 1 m of sandy loam, loam and fine gauze. The pH value is 7-8 soil.
(4) "Three big one deep"
1. Large seedlings: The seedling height is more than 4 meters and the ground diameter is more than 4 centimeters. Advocate the roots to cultivate large seedlings and strong seedlings.
2, large points: after the land preparation, dig a hole 1 meter square (111m), the lowest 80 cm square.
3, large plant spacing: generally a piece of afforestation plant spacing can not be less than 3 meters.
4, deep planting: planting depth of 80-100 cm is appropriate. Poplars are rooted from lenticels. In places with good site conditions, it is recommended to cut roots and punch holes for deep planting.
(5) Technical points of the series of poplar rooting seedlings and root-cutting seedlings
1, the main points of stubble seedling technology
(1) Seedling density: Due to continuous seedling growth for many years, the number of plants will decrease year by year, and the initial cutting density can be appropriately increased. The row spacing is 5060cm or 4060cm, that is, 2200-2700 plants per acre.
(2) Starting seedlings: change the roots of the seedlings to leave the roots in the depression, slash the seedlings on the ground, and germination and seedlings after spring.
(3) Fixed plants: Since the roots can produce multiple strains, when the sprouts are as high as 30-50 cm, only one strong sprout is left in each stalk to grow into seedlings, and the remaining stalks are removed.
(4) Other measures are the same as conventional cuttings, but the germination task will be increased, and the side buds should be erased in time.
(5) Replacement of roots: Different poplar varieties have different germination times, generally 4-5 years.
2. The main points of deep-planting afforestation techniques:
(1) Selection of afforestation land: suitable for areas with loose soil and good site conditions.
(2) Site preparation and afforestation: 30-40cm of deep-rooted forest land and 110.8m of afforestation; or digging small and then using steel brazing to drill holes to the groundwater level for deep planting. When the steel is punched, a small amount of water can be poured in the small hole, which can obviously improve the work efficiency. Planting deep is a feature of this technology.
(3) Seedlings: It is advisable to use dry roots with no roots for more than two years. The high seedling height is the technical feature.
(4) Afforestation season: Afforestation can be carried out in autumn, winter and spring. The effect of deep planting afforestation is particularly good when the yellow leaves of autumn fall begin to fall off.
(5) Others: Seedlings should be soaked for 5-7 days before deep planting, and other measures should be carried out with rooting seedlings.
(6) Intercropping
In addition to ensuring the ruling, keeping alive, and protecting the forest, the newly-created young forests can intercropped into peanuts, sesame seeds, soybeans and other crops in the first 1-3 years, and advocated the intercropping of forest and grain.
(7) Scientific pruning
In the same year, the buds were erased in the same year, and the buds were started in the 2-3 years. The crowns were 2/3 of the total trees, the whole tree was 1/2 in the 4-5 years, and the trunks were 8-10 in the 6th to 7th years. No branches are left below the meter.
(8) Integrated pest management
1. Yang Xiaozhou moth: It uses artificial digging, light moth, egg removal, spray dusting, and comprehensive measures such as natural enemies to control its damage.
2. Sang Tianniu: From May to July, the adult mulberry trees will be caught on the mulberry and mulberry trees. The wild mulberry plexus outside the point will be removed; the poisonous squid will be ridiculed in the August-October period; branch.
3. Cloud spotted beetle: May-June artificially catches adult worms on the groves and wild rose bushes, hammers the stems and larvae of the trunks from June to July, and blocks the holes in August-October, pruning insects in autumn and winter. branch.
(9) Fertilization
Ditch application or acupoint application, 1-2 times a year, in 4-5 or June-July, each plant is applied with more than 500 grams (one kilogram) of uremic, diammonium phosphate or compound fertilizer.
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