The cultivation techniques of Camellia oleifera seedlings are explained in the following aspects: 1: Rape growth habits and requirements for environmental conditions, 2: Types of improved varieties, 3: Camellia cultivation techniques, 4: Pest control.
First, the production habits of Camellia oleifera and the requirements for environmental conditions
Camellia oleifera is a woody oil plant that has been grown for many years. The fruiting result is 3 years after afforestation. The fruiting period is 15 to 80 years. The oil tea is a pregnant child, and it blooms in the first year, and the fruit is harvested in the second year. The flower is shaped after pollination and has a long ball in July. The characteristics of the long oil in August, so we must pay attention to let it fully mature when harvesting, and we must not pick it up in the morning.
1. Camellia likes the sun. Camellia is an oil tree species that harvests fruit. It has sufficient sunlight to expand the crown, leaves are flourishing, tea is large, and the oil content of the seed increases. If it is planted in a place with insufficient sunlight, the opposite is true.
2, oil tea good temperature avoid cold frost. Camellia oleifera generally requires an average temperature of 14-21 ° C. Many provinces (cities) and counties in China are suitable areas for the growth and development of Camellia oleifera.
3. Camellia is not strict with the land. Camellia oleifera is generally planted on the acidic land of red and yellow land, and it is most suitable for loose, fertile and well-drained sandy soil. Different altitudes have certain effects on the growth and flowering results of Camellia oleifera. Generally, it grows well at an altitude of about 500 meters, with more fruiting and higher oil content. The slope of planting land should not exceed 35.
Second, the type of improved species
Dioscorea zingiberensis
Fourth, frost-removing seeds, in general, the type of frost and cold dew type is good, easy to intensive cultivation, regulation of farming, Xiangyou oil varieties mainly include Yongxing Zhongqi Red Ball, Longdong Red Fruit, Baling Seed and so on. Because the traits of the progeny of rapeseed are different, the live breeding can not reach the high yield and stability of the family, so the promotion of excellent cloned grafting seedlings is realized. At present, the province has selected 69 excellent clones, of which 17 are the best: Xiang 13, Hunan 48, Hunan 98, Lan by 7805, Tianguan from 1153, Maozhushan 7811, Erxian 210, Wumei 43 , Meixin No. 1, Jingchong 7811 Chaling 7503, Tianguan No. 5, Ningyuan 7810, promoted cultivation and high yield, and was well received by the masses.
Third, Camellia cultivation technology
1 land preparation. Camellia oleifera forest land should choose a sunny land with good site conditions and deep soil layers. The whole land can be divided into four forms: full acupuncture points, belt-shaped land preparation, horizontal belt punching and hole-cutting. In the gentle slope, the whole raft can be carried out, and the slope is 20 on the main. In order to prevent soil erosion, it is better to adopt the belt-like soil preparation method, squatting along the horizontal direction of the mountain, the pier is about 3 meters, the gully is 60 cm, and the depth is 50 cm. . The topsoil is backfilled at the bottom of the ditch, and the soil is about 1 meter wide, and the afforestation is carried out on the belt. The hole preparation site is used in places where the slope is large and the labor is lacking.
2, acupuncture and afforestation. The hole is 606,040 cm, and the density per acre is 80 to 100, which is 2.53 meters. The farmer's fertilizer is applied at the bottom of the hole, and 1 kg of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus fertilizer can be applied as the base fertilizer per plant. During the afforestation period, it should be planted after the rainy season from the beginning of the spring to the rainy season or in October. Seedlings should use large seedlings, strong seedlings, roots developed seedlings, pay attention to long-distance transportation of seedlings during afforestation, seedlings do not hurt the roots, should bring more soil or yellow mud, avoid exposure. Grafted seedlings are generally deep, thick green, with shallow serrations on the leaves or bundled with plastic bags, while the leaves of the seedlings are thinner. The leaves are yellowish and the tips on the leaves are deep and distinct. In order to improve the survival rate, the wooden top pin should be cut off and kept at 30 cm high. When removing the toothpaste skin, the seedling root should not be in direct contact with the fertilizer, covered with fine soil and mixed with the roots, layered with the foot tightly, and finally the taro is tightened. The soil grafting interface is formed into a turtle shape, and if it is sunny, it can be watered and kept warm.
3, young forest cultivation, after the oil tea is straight, pay attention to the water in the hole, to prevent drowning of the roots, the same kind of crops, do not dig the roots, in general, the first year of the summer is not digging, only weeds, until late autumn After a training and weeding work, you can do it. Afterwards, the depth is 20-25cm once in the vicinity of the ladder or the hole. In the young forest period, the intercropping can be made into peanuts, soybeans, camellia, and green manure. Within 1 to 2 after afforestation, it is advisable to apply quick-acting fertilizer when the leaf buds sprout, that is, apply a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the first ten days of March, and each plant should not exceed 10 grams. On the top of the tree, dig a hole 20cm deep from the tree stalk about 30cm. Cover the soil after entering the fertilizer. At the same time pay attention to the overall shape of the pruning, when the young tree grows to 60-80cm, the autumn top buds are removed, allowing the crown to expand outward, forming a tree with multiple side branches.
4. Chenglin management. Deeply dig deep, every three years deep, one year shallow. In winter, the depth is 20-30cm, and the large block is turned over. The bottom is facing the sky, and the summer is about 10cm, and the fertilizer is added. Combined with digging the mountain, supplemented with chemical fertilizer, 100 kg of phosphate fertilizer per mu, 50 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, open a circular ditch around the tree shrub or a 30 cm deep hole above the tree, and cover the soil after application, generally in winter and dry spring.
Fourth, pest control.
In the 5th to 6th of the lunar calendar, from August to October, 250g of each of the sulphur sulphur and oxidized fruit per acre is controlled once every 3-4 days, and continuously sprayed 2-3 times.
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