The total cultivated area of ​​pear in China is 1.074 million hectares, with a total output of 14.262 million tons, accounting for approximately 72% and 65% of the world's pear cultivation area and production respectively. Although China is a pear producing country, it is not a strong country. The outstanding problems are: First, the variety structure is irrational and the varieties are aging. Such as pears, pears, pears, pears, etc. are too high, the market price is low. Second, the varieties are being updated slowly, and "high-improvement" technologies are lagging behind. The traditional "high-improvement" method uses the main branch under the skin. Because of the low coefficient of high contact and the slow recovery of the crown, it is difficult to establish the balance of growth that is destroyed by the “high reformâ€, which often leads to the occurrence of “high-improvement†disease, which seriously affects the efficiency of structural adjustment of pear varieties in China. The "high-risk alternative" technology is a kind of practical, easy-to-operate, and efficient pear cultivation for these problems that is "easy to operate, understand at a glance, learn quickly, have a high contact coefficient, and have a rapid recovery of canopy and yield". new technology.
The Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Pear Research and Engineering Research Center of Nanjing Agricultural University have developed a new technology of “high graft and replacement†for the main branch (dry) hole-piercing and twig-joint connection. Technical points: First, on the basis of keeping the number of the original main branches at the base of 3 to 5, the center is kept dry, and the remaining main branch (dry) is left 1.5 to 2 meters short cut, the original tree The shape is transformed into a "high-efficiency" tree shape with "dry cylindrical stems in multiple main branches at the base". Second, for perennial bare branches (dry), through the hole in the phloem, can easily insert a bud to fill gaps in the crown. Third, the remaining main branch (dry) on the diameter of 1 to 2 cm short branch as 8 to 10 cm for abdominal incision, usually in the main branch (dry) can be grafted more than 20 scion, a 20 to 40 The annual tree can be grafted with 100 to 200 scions. The canopy can be restored that year and the results can be obtained in the second year. The output can be recovered in the third year.
In the main pear production areas such as Hebei, Anhui, Henan, Jiangsu, Shandong, Hubei, Hebei, Liaoning, Sichuan and other provinces and cities to promote an area of ​​more than one million mu, effectively reducing the original traditional (or endemic) varieties and old varieties The proportion promoted the adjustment of the structure of pear varieties. At present, the structure of early, middle and late-maturing varieties is approximately 55:25:20, which is relatively reasonable.
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