Tilapia is a tropical fish. It has special requirements for breeding environment and feeding management, especially in the four key periods of broodstock breeding, fry breeding, adult fish breeding and wintering conservation.
I. Pond culture
1. Pond conditions Farming sites should be selected where they shelter from the wind, have plenty of water, have fresh water, are free from pollution, quiet and have convenient transportation. The pond area is 3 mu to 5 mu, and the water depth is 1.5 m to 2 m. The sediment thickness is 20 Cm to 30 cm. Each pond is equipped with a 1.5 kW impeller aerator.
2. Clear pond fertilization Before stocking, clear ponds should be disinfected. Generally, in mid-April of April, fresh lime 75 kg to 100 kg clear pond per acre, 7 days later, add water to 1 meter deep, then apply 300 kg to 400 kg of composted manure per acre, and put in a small amount of green ash or red ash .
3. Stocking of fish species When the water temperature rises every spring and stabilizes above 15°C, the winter seedlings are released. The main pond raises generally from 1,500 to 3,000 tails per acre of stocking species, and 40 to 70 tails of polycultured cockroaches and squid species to control water quality. When mixed with other fish, it can stock 200 to 500 tails per acre.
4. Feeding of tilapia into the aquaculture water can be started within 2 days to 3 days after feeding. Tilapia has a wide range of feeding habits. Under the condition of artificial feeding, it can feed various feeds, such as wheat, corn, and rice cakes. The protein content in the feed should be 32% to 35%, and the daily feed volume should be 3% to 5% of the total fish body weight. When the individual size is about 200 grams, the feeding amount can be adjusted to 2% of the total weight of the fish and the protein content in the feed can be guaranteed to be 27%-29%. When individuals reached about 300 grams, tilapia entered the fastest growing period, with daily feeds maintained at 1% to 2% of fish's body weight and protein content of feeds above 35%. Feed 2 times a day at 8 am to 9 am and 3 pm to 4 pm.
5. Daily management should pay attention to day and night patrol ponds.
(1) Measure water temperature and air temperature every morning, evening and evening, measure pH value once a week, and measure transparency twice. In the morning and at night, each patrol pond is once.
(2) After the fish species is under the pond, keep the pool water dark brown with a transparency of 25 cm to 30 cm. Fertilizers are generally applied once a week, and 150 kg to 200 kg of livestock manure is applied per acre. When the weather is clear and the transparency of the water body is greater than 30 cm, the amount of fertilizer can be appropriately increased. When the water quality is too fat, the fertilizer should be reduced or stopped, and new water should be injected. In the hot season, usually change the water 1 to 2 times a week, and replace 20% to 30% of the pool water each time.
(3) Adhere to healthy culture, operate according to procedures to prevent fish diseases. Seedlings were soaked in 5% saline or 0.1 mg potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes to 15 minutes. Every 10 days to 15 days, 15kg to 20kg of calcined water per acre is sprayed on the whole pond, and the pH of the treated pond water is slightly alkaline. Biological agents are used to improve the microbial structure of ponds and improve water quality. An aerator is opened when the dissolved oxygen is low and the fish has a slight floating head.
Second, paddy field fish, rice symbiosis, can obtain double harvest. When paddy fields raise tilapia, scientific feeding should be taken care of.
1. After the rice field field project is completed, two weeks before stocking, 75 kg to 100 kg of calcareous water per acre shall be sprinkled and sprinkled in the fish ditch and field blocks. The next day, the ditch and the bottom of the paddy fields shall be smashed once to make the lime slurry. Mix well with the sludge. Fertilizer was applied to the fermented manure fertilizer 1 week prior to planting. The amount of 200 kg per mu was used to cultivate natural food in water.
2. The stocking time is generally about 5 days after the rice is transplanted, and is stocked when the seedlings return to green. In some places, in order to increase the growth period of fish, the fish species will be kept in the fish ditch in mid-May, and it is also a good idea to put the fish into the fish ditch and turn the fish ditch into the field after the seedlings return to green.
3. Stocking methods Fish species should be selected for their robust physique, strong mobility, no injuries, and tidy fish species. The stocking density should be reasonable. Generally, a tilapia fingerling size of 5 cm to 6 cm can be placed between 200 and 300 tails per mu, and 150 to 200 tails such as grass carp and carp can be used. The specific amount of stocking can be flexibly controlled according to conditions of rice fields, water quality environment, drainage and irrigation conditions and management levels.
4. The fish species for stocking operations should be disinfected before entering the pool. Usually, the fish body is bathed with 3% to 5% salt water for 5 minutes to 10 minutes. The time for fish release should be in the morning or evening on a sunny day. Do not put fish on a rainy day or in a sunny day.
5. Feeding and fertilizing Tilapia cultured in paddy fields is generally not fed, and it depends on the intake of natural food. However, natural food in paddy fields is limited, and it is appropriate to feed a portion of the bait to accelerate its growth and increase production. Feeding twice a day, the amount of feed can be controlled in the food 2 hours after eating is appropriate. The paddy fields of fish farming have no special requirements on the base fertilizer and farmyard manure. With urea, ammonium sulfate and other topdressing, it should be a small number of times, apply a half a block of land, should not be directly in the fish ditch fertilization.
Third, cage culture Tilapia in the cage can be single, main or collocation. Fish species should be large in size, and the input box size is generally 10g to 50g. When the amount of dissolved oxygen is more than 3 mg per liter, the stocking density is 3 kg to 20 kg per cubic meter.
Fourth, flow-through culture of tilapia is one of the main targets of current high-density culture or “factory†culture. The aquaculture pond should not be too large, and the cultivated fish is generally suitable for 30 m2 to 50 m2, and the amount of dissolved oxygen in the pool is maintained at more than 3 mg per liter. Intensive farming requires feeding a nutritious compound feed, and the protein content of the feed should be about 30%. It is fed 5 to 6 times a day, and the amount fed is 2.5% to 3% of the fish's body weight.
I. Pond culture
1. Pond conditions Farming sites should be selected where they shelter from the wind, have plenty of water, have fresh water, are free from pollution, quiet and have convenient transportation. The pond area is 3 mu to 5 mu, and the water depth is 1.5 m to 2 m. The sediment thickness is 20 Cm to 30 cm. Each pond is equipped with a 1.5 kW impeller aerator.
2. Clear pond fertilization Before stocking, clear ponds should be disinfected. Generally, in mid-April of April, fresh lime 75 kg to 100 kg clear pond per acre, 7 days later, add water to 1 meter deep, then apply 300 kg to 400 kg of composted manure per acre, and put in a small amount of green ash or red ash .
3. Stocking of fish species When the water temperature rises every spring and stabilizes above 15°C, the winter seedlings are released. The main pond raises generally from 1,500 to 3,000 tails per acre of stocking species, and 40 to 70 tails of polycultured cockroaches and squid species to control water quality. When mixed with other fish, it can stock 200 to 500 tails per acre.
4. Feeding of tilapia into the aquaculture water can be started within 2 days to 3 days after feeding. Tilapia has a wide range of feeding habits. Under the condition of artificial feeding, it can feed various feeds, such as wheat, corn, and rice cakes. The protein content in the feed should be 32% to 35%, and the daily feed volume should be 3% to 5% of the total fish body weight. When the individual size is about 200 grams, the feeding amount can be adjusted to 2% of the total weight of the fish and the protein content in the feed can be guaranteed to be 27%-29%. When individuals reached about 300 grams, tilapia entered the fastest growing period, with daily feeds maintained at 1% to 2% of fish's body weight and protein content of feeds above 35%. Feed 2 times a day at 8 am to 9 am and 3 pm to 4 pm.
5. Daily management should pay attention to day and night patrol ponds.
(1) Measure water temperature and air temperature every morning, evening and evening, measure pH value once a week, and measure transparency twice. In the morning and at night, each patrol pond is once.
(2) After the fish species is under the pond, keep the pool water dark brown with a transparency of 25 cm to 30 cm. Fertilizers are generally applied once a week, and 150 kg to 200 kg of livestock manure is applied per acre. When the weather is clear and the transparency of the water body is greater than 30 cm, the amount of fertilizer can be appropriately increased. When the water quality is too fat, the fertilizer should be reduced or stopped, and new water should be injected. In the hot season, usually change the water 1 to 2 times a week, and replace 20% to 30% of the pool water each time.
(3) Adhere to healthy culture, operate according to procedures to prevent fish diseases. Seedlings were soaked in 5% saline or 0.1 mg potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes to 15 minutes. Every 10 days to 15 days, 15kg to 20kg of calcined water per acre is sprayed on the whole pond, and the pH of the treated pond water is slightly alkaline. Biological agents are used to improve the microbial structure of ponds and improve water quality. An aerator is opened when the dissolved oxygen is low and the fish has a slight floating head.
Second, paddy field fish, rice symbiosis, can obtain double harvest. When paddy fields raise tilapia, scientific feeding should be taken care of.
1. After the rice field field project is completed, two weeks before stocking, 75 kg to 100 kg of calcareous water per acre shall be sprinkled and sprinkled in the fish ditch and field blocks. The next day, the ditch and the bottom of the paddy fields shall be smashed once to make the lime slurry. Mix well with the sludge. Fertilizer was applied to the fermented manure fertilizer 1 week prior to planting. The amount of 200 kg per mu was used to cultivate natural food in water.
2. The stocking time is generally about 5 days after the rice is transplanted, and is stocked when the seedlings return to green. In some places, in order to increase the growth period of fish, the fish species will be kept in the fish ditch in mid-May, and it is also a good idea to put the fish into the fish ditch and turn the fish ditch into the field after the seedlings return to green.
3. Stocking methods Fish species should be selected for their robust physique, strong mobility, no injuries, and tidy fish species. The stocking density should be reasonable. Generally, a tilapia fingerling size of 5 cm to 6 cm can be placed between 200 and 300 tails per mu, and 150 to 200 tails such as grass carp and carp can be used. The specific amount of stocking can be flexibly controlled according to conditions of rice fields, water quality environment, drainage and irrigation conditions and management levels.
4. The fish species for stocking operations should be disinfected before entering the pool. Usually, the fish body is bathed with 3% to 5% salt water for 5 minutes to 10 minutes. The time for fish release should be in the morning or evening on a sunny day. Do not put fish on a rainy day or in a sunny day.
5. Feeding and fertilizing Tilapia cultured in paddy fields is generally not fed, and it depends on the intake of natural food. However, natural food in paddy fields is limited, and it is appropriate to feed a portion of the bait to accelerate its growth and increase production. Feeding twice a day, the amount of feed can be controlled in the food 2 hours after eating is appropriate. The paddy fields of fish farming have no special requirements on the base fertilizer and farmyard manure. With urea, ammonium sulfate and other topdressing, it should be a small number of times, apply a half a block of land, should not be directly in the fish ditch fertilization.
Third, cage culture Tilapia in the cage can be single, main or collocation. Fish species should be large in size, and the input box size is generally 10g to 50g. When the amount of dissolved oxygen is more than 3 mg per liter, the stocking density is 3 kg to 20 kg per cubic meter.
Fourth, flow-through culture of tilapia is one of the main targets of current high-density culture or “factory†culture. The aquaculture pond should not be too large, and the cultivated fish is generally suitable for 30 m2 to 50 m2, and the amount of dissolved oxygen in the pool is maintained at more than 3 mg per liter. Intensive farming requires feeding a nutritious compound feed, and the protein content of the feed should be about 30%. It is fed 5 to 6 times a day, and the amount fed is 2.5% to 3% of the fish's body weight.
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