The effect and influence of environmental factors on pigs has been increasingly valued by people. Only for the pig to create a good survival and production conditions, in order to achieve the minimum input of feed, access to a large number of good quality products. Environmental factors include temperature, humidity, density, ventilation, internal gases, light, and noise.
1. Temperature: The pig's own ability to regulate body temperature is poor. Only a few sweat glands can be adjusted on a hot day, and only a few hairs can withstand the cold in winter. Therefore, the pig house must have a good thermal insulation effect, only the temperature is suitable, so that the pig feels comfortable, in order to obtain high production performance. Under high temperature conditions, body heat balance breaks down, body temperature rises, endocrine function weakens, and oxidation in the body strengthens, causing metabolites to accumulate in the body and detoxification in the liver weakens; in addition, high temperatures can cause cardiovascular system overload, failure, and body temperature increase. High denaturation of the central nervous system and other important organ proteins causes coma and eventually failure. Too cold can cause decreased resistance of the respiratory system and digestive system, causing respiratory diseases and diseases such as enteritis and diarrhea. Low temperature is also an environmental cause of arthritis and other diseases. Therefore, too high or too high a temperature will cause the pig to have an emergency response, resulting in adverse consequences. The optimum temperature for the growth of hogs is: 16–22°C (minimum 14°C) before weighing 60kg, 14–20°C (minimum 4°C) when weighing 60-90kg, and 12-16°C (weighting 90 kg or more) (minimum 10) °C). Or you can use the formula to calculate the suitable ambient temperature for a certain weight of the pig:
T=-0.06W+26 where T----the most suitable ambient temperature w----weight of pig (kg)
When the ambient temperature is higher than 30 °C, measures should be taken to reduce the temperature, open the vertical exhaust system, spray cold water or feed green and juicy feed.
2. Humidity: The effect of humidity on pigs mainly affects the productivity and health of pigs by affecting the body's body heat regulation. It is the result of interactions with temperature, airflow, and radiation. Humidity has little effect on the productivity and health of pigs under suitable humidity. Excessively high air humidity will increase the rate of subtle sedimentation in the air, which will reduce the incidence of cough and pneumonia. However, high humidity is conducive to the growth of pathogenic microorganisms and parasites. It is prone to diseases such as phlegm, eczema, etc. In addition, high humidity often causes feed to moldy grass and mold, resulting in loss. The air humidity in the pig house is too low, which can easily lead to chapped skin and exposed mucous membranes, reducing its defense capacity and making the respiratory tract and skin diseases more frequent. Therefore, it is recommended that the relative humidity of the pig house should be 50-70%.
3. Density: Feeding large groups of fattening pigs and eating in the same tank can increase appetite, promote growth, make effective use of housing and equipment conditions, and increase labor productivity. However, if the grouping is irrational, it will affect the weight gain of pigs due to biting frames and competing for food. When grouping, pigs with the same source, close weight, strength, and temperament are generally fed in groups. The number of pigs per group should not be too large, depending on the size of the pen and the stocking density. Practice has proved that 15-60 kg of growing pigs need area of ​​0.6-1.0 per head, 60 kg of finishing pigs need 1.0-1.2 per head, every 2 finishing pigs must have 20 to 30 cm long feeding trough. The number of heads per circle is preferably 10-20. However, the specific number may vary according to different environmental conditions. In northern China, due to the low average temperature and dry climate, the breeding density can be appropriately increased. In the summer, the south has high temperature and high humidity, and the rearing density should be appropriately reduced.
4. Ventilation and ventilation: intensive, high-density rearing pigs need ventilation and ventilation throughout the year. Ventilation can eliminate excess water vapor in the piggery, reduce indoor humidity, prevent condensation on the inner surface of the envelope, and eliminate air. The dust, microbes, and toxic and harmful gases (such as NH3, H2S, CO2, etc.) in the house improve the air quality of the pig house. Therefore, the piggery needs to be ventilated in any season. In particular, the doors and windows are often closed to prevent the cold in the winter season, which results in deterioration of the humidity and air sanitation in the house. Attention must be paid to proper ventilation. Ventilation and insulation are contradictory during the winter season. Conditional companies can use the temperature of the pigs to control the amount of ventilation under the condition of temperature supply; in order to reduce costs, it is necessary to ensure that the ambient temperature of the pig house is basically met. Take ventilation measures, but be sure to prevent the appearance of "thief wind" during the winter. The airflow in the pig house is 0.1-0.2m/s, and the maximum is 0.25m/s.
5. Proper solar light can strengthen the body's metabolic process and improve the disease resistance of pigs. However, excessive light can cause pigs' excitement, reduce rest time, increase thyroid secretion, increase metabolic rate, affect weight gain and feed conversion rate. The light in the finishing pig house can be dull, as long as it is convenient for pigs to feed and feed, so that the pig can rest fully.
6. The noise of the noise barn comes from the outside, the machinery inside the house and the battle between the pigs. Noise can increase the pig's activity and affect weight gain. It can also cause pig panic and reduce appetite. Therefore, to avoid sudden noise, the noise intensity should not exceed 85dB. Beautiful and beautiful music can excite nerves, stimulate appetite, and increase metabolism, just as people listen to music. Conditional pig farms can properly put some light music, which is beneficial to the growth of pigs.
I believe that if the majority of pig friends pay attention to the above issues, they will certainly be able to obtain more substantial economic benefits in the pig industry!
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