Growth habits Eucommia ulmoides is a positive tree species that is more tolerant to cold and prefers warm and humid climates. It has strong adaptability to soil and can grow in acidic soils (red soil, yellow soil), neutral soils, slightly alkaline soils, and calcareous soils. Sandy loam with a pH of 5 to 7.5 is suitable. Eucommia grows slowly in 1 to 10 years, fast-growing in 10 to 20 years, and gradually decreases in growth rate in 20 to 30 years. After 30 years, the growth rate decreases rapidly. After 50 years, the growth is basically stagnant.
Cultivation Techniques Site preparation and land preparation: For the nursery land, sandy lands with sunny land, deep soil layer, loose fertility, convenient irrigation and drainage facilities should be selected. After the land is selected, apply 3,500 kg of manure per acre, 100 kg of cake fertilizer, and 50 kg of superphosphate. Then, plunge 30 cm deep and make a leveling plan to make 1.2 m wide and 20 cm high. Settlement in the mountainous area can be selected for the gentle slope of Zhongshan to the sun. Breeding methods: seeds, cuttings, buckling, ramets, grafting, etc. can be used for breeding, mostly seed-based breeding. The life of Eucommia seeds is short, and the germination rate of seeds every other year is very low. New seeds must be sowed. Should choose to grow robust, straight trunk thick, thick skin, leaf hypertrophy, 20 years of unpeeled female plants as seed collection mother strains. From the end of October to the beginning of November, when the skin of the fruit is pale brown, collect the seeds and spread them in a cool, ventilated place. Do not dry them. Choose fresh, full, light brown, glossy seeds for autumn or spring sowing. Autumn sowing can be accompanied by sowing, and spring sowing should be carried out for wet sand layering. Spring sowing in late March to early April, when the temperature is stable above 10 °C. In the entire good seedbed, a groove of 2 to 3 cm in depth and 25 to 30 centimeters in spacing is used. The seed is sown uniformly in the ditch, covered with 2 cm of fine soil, and the grass is moistened and kept warm. The sowing rate per acre is 6-8 kg. Bed soil is often kept moist, and emergence can take about 15 days. Cultivate 1 to 2 years, seedling height 80 to 100 cm can be planted. After colonization in autumn and winter leaves or before budding in spring, in the whole planting ground, dig a hole at a spacing of 2 meters and 3 meters, each hole depth and a diameter of 50 centimeters, dig a hole at the bottom of the hole, and apply 20 kg of fertilizer to each hole. 1 kg of superphosphate, 1 kg of cake, covered with 10 cm thick fine soil cover fertilizer, and then planted seedlings, with a closed hole in fine soil.
Field management of cultivating and weeding: after planting Eucommia ulmoides, the roots are not stable, the cultivator should be shallow and should not be deep, and the weeds should be netted. For example, intercropping with crops can be combined with crop cultivation and weeding. Young trees of Eucommia ulmoides forest are closed. Every summer, clear forests and cultivators are used to promote the growth of saplings. Eucommia forests can be cleaned once a year, without cultivating. Before entering the winter, soil should be cultivated in the roots of young trees to prevent cold. Top dressing: top dressing can be combined with cultivating and weeding. Each spring is the peak period of growth of Eucommia ulmoides. Apply 1500 kg of fertilizer per acre and 50 kg of cake fertilizer. In the rhizosphere of the plant, apply a radial groove and cover the soil to cover the soil. In summer, Eucommia grows vigorously for the second time, applying 2000 kg of alum per acre, 50 kg of superphosphate, and 200 kg of vegetation ash. Apply the ditch to the ditch next to the plant and cover the soil with a cover after application. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can also be used for extra-root fertilizer. Irrigation and drainage: After planting Eucommia ulmoides, it should be often watered to keep the soil moist and to facilitate survival. In summer, the growing season is strong. If drought occurs, it should be watered in time, otherwise it will affect the growth of Eucommia ulmoides. In case of rainy season, water should be promptly removed to prevent damage. Pruning: Pruning of the lower branches of the canopy in the winter is appropriate to promote the growth of the trunk and increase dry-skin yield. Cut down the drooping branches, branches and branches, so that the crown is airy and transparent. In combination with the propagation of the ramets, the root seedlings were separated from their mother plants, and the roots were planted on the planting sites to promote the healthy growth of the mother plants.
Eucommia is mainly produced in provinces such as Sichuan, Guizhou, and Henan, and it is cultivated in most parts of the country.
Growth habits Eucommia ulmoides is a positive tree species that is more tolerant to cold and prefers warm and humid climates. It has strong adaptability to soil and can grow in acidic soils (red soil, yellow soil), neutral soils, slightly alkaline soils, and calcareous soils. Sandy loam with a pH of 5 to 7.5 is suitable. Eucommia grows slowly in 1 to 10 years, fast-growing in 10 to 20 years, and gradually decreases in growth rate in 20 to 30 years. After 30 years, the growth rate decreases rapidly. After 50 years, the growth is basically stagnant.
Cultivation Techniques Site preparation and land preparation: For the nursery land, sandy lands with sunny land, deep soil layer, loose fertility, convenient irrigation and drainage facilities should be selected. After the land is selected, apply 3,500 kg of manure per acre, 100 kg of cake fertilizer, and 50 kg of superphosphate. Then, plunge 30 cm deep and make a leveling plan to make 1.2 m wide and 20 cm high. Settlement in the mountainous area can be selected for the gentle slope of Zhongshan to the sun. Breeding methods: seeds, cuttings, buckling, ramets, grafting, etc. can be used for breeding, mostly seed-based breeding. The life of Eucommia seeds is short, and the germination rate of seeds every other year is very low. New seeds must be sowed. Should choose to grow robust, straight trunk thick, thick skin, leaf hypertrophy, 20 years of unpeeled female plants as seed collection mother strains. From the end of October to the beginning of November, when the skin of the fruit is pale brown, collect the seeds and spread them in a cool, ventilated place. Do not dry them. Choose fresh, full, light brown, glossy seeds for autumn or spring sowing. Autumn sowing can be accompanied by sowing, and spring sowing should be carried out for wet sand layering. Spring sowing in late March to early April, when the temperature is stable above 10 °C. In the entire good seedbed, a groove of 2 to 3 cm in depth and 25 to 30 centimeters in spacing is used. The seed is sown uniformly in the ditch, covered with 2 cm of fine soil, and the grass is moistened and kept warm. The sowing rate per acre is 6-8 kg. Bed soil is often kept moist, and emergence can take about 15 days. Cultivate 1 to 2 years, seedling height 80 to 100 cm can be planted. After colonization in autumn and winter leaves or before budding in spring, in the whole planting ground, dig a hole at a spacing of 2 meters and 3 meters, each hole depth and a diameter of 50 centimeters, dig a hole at the bottom of the hole, and apply 20 kg of fertilizer to each hole. 1 kg of superphosphate, 1 kg of cake, covered with 10 cm thick fine soil cover fertilizer, and then planted seedlings, with a closed hole in fine soil.
Field management of cultivating and weeding: after planting Eucommia ulmoides, the roots are not stable, the cultivator should be shallow and should not be deep, and the weeds should be netted. For example, intercropping with crops can be combined with crop cultivation and weeding. Young trees of Eucommia ulmoides forest are closed. Every summer, clear forests and cultivators are used to promote the growth of saplings. Eucommia forests can be cleaned once a year, without cultivating. Before entering the winter, soil should be cultivated in the roots of young trees to prevent cold. Top dressing: top dressing can be combined with cultivating and weeding. Each spring is the peak period of growth of Eucommia ulmoides. Apply 1500 kg of fertilizer per acre and 50 kg of cake fertilizer. In the rhizosphere of the plant, apply a radial groove and cover the soil to cover the soil. In summer, Eucommia grows vigorously for the second time, applying 2000 kg of alum per acre, 50 kg of superphosphate, and 200 kg of vegetation ash. Apply the ditch to the ditch next to the plant and cover the soil with a cover after application. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can also be used for extra-root fertilizer. Irrigation and drainage: After planting Eucommia ulmoides, it should be often watered to keep the soil moist and to facilitate survival. In summer, the growing season is strong. If drought occurs, it should be watered in time, otherwise it will affect the growth of Eucommia ulmoides. In case of rainy season, water should be promptly removed to prevent damage. Pruning: Pruning of the lower branches of the canopy in the winter is appropriate to promote the growth of the trunk and increase dry-skin yield. Cut down the drooping branches, branches and branches, so that the crown is airy and transparent. In combination with the propagation of the ramets, the root seedlings were separated from their mother plants, and the roots were planted on the planting sites to promote the healthy growth of the mother plants.
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