What is the economic value of "energy" in the ecological fermentation bed?
Xia Yun
Abstract: Since the promotion of ecological fermentation bed culture, it has received great attention from the central government, local governments and farmers. There are also many discussions, mainly focused on the high temperature problems of the fermentation bed in summer, whether the fermentation bed can be disinfected and how to prevent disease and fermentation. In terms of pig efficiency issues, this article focuses on the energy point of view during the operation of the fermentation bed. The main purpose is to explain the “energy†production mechanism, economic value, and scientific utilization of the fermentation bed in a combination of theory and practice.
Keywords: fermentation bed energy summer high temperature problem breeding efficiency
First, the advantages of ecological fermentation bed
Fermented bed has recognized advantages include: 1, environmental protection. Fermenting pigs can reduce the pollution of the environment. There is no need to sweep swine manure, and it does not emit large amounts of flushing water, which greatly reduces the pollution of the pig industry to the environment. 2, provincial workers. Since it is not necessary to remove manure, raising them by convention can increase the amount of breeding for each breeder. 3, provincial medicine. After eating the metabolites of beneficial microorganisms and microorganisms, such as organic acids, bacterial proteins, and antimicrobial peptides, pig arches can help digestion and improve the immunity and immunity of pigs. 4, save water. Routine pig raising requires a lot of water to flush the concrete floor. Pigs are fed on a fermentation bed as long as they satisfy the pig's drinking water, saving more than 80% of the water. 5, province material. Due to the limited digestibility of the feed and the limited digestibility of the animal, the feed passes through the animal's intestine and is not fully utilized. It is excreted in the form of nutrient-rich feces, and the feces is decomposed by functional microbes to form crude protein and bacteria. Body protein, trace elements, etc. are pig foods that save feed and increase feed utilization. 6, energy saving. In winter, the fermentation bed can generate enough heat to warm up the enclosure. As long as the enclosure has suitable insulation measures, heating facilities can be eliminated.
As a new type of breeding technology, the fermentation bed has been recognized by everyone for its unique functional advantages. Of course, due to operational or other reasons during the promotion process, this or that problem has arisen. This is normal. Because every new technology emerges, there will be a certain period of running-in and improvement period, and manufacturers do not need to rush to deny and justify. Instead, they should face this problem and come up with a solution. The farmers are using the fermentation bed. Operation will also encounter problems, do not worry, should actively contact the manufacturer's technical staff, as soon as possible to solve the problem; for the bystander, I think we should be fair and just to look at new things, new technologies, do not rush to hit a stick Dead nest, saying that the entire technology is not feasible, because now the fermentation bed manufacturers are no shortage of black sheep, from the fishery!
Technical issues still need to be resolved from the technical point of view. The ecological value of the “fermentation†of ecological fermentation beds can be considered from the operation mechanism of the Fermentation Bed Fermentation Bed and the practice in the past four years.
Second, the "energy" characteristics and production mechanism of ecological fermentation bed
As mentioned above, the six major effects of the fermentation bed, the gold treasure has the provincial labor, water saving, energy saving, provincial feed effect, the province of the fermentation bed is not an ordinary, temporary province, it is sustainable, renewable , And clean, pollution-free and pollution-free, is an environmentally friendly, ecological cycle of energy-saving methods. Taking the heating of fuel in winter as an example, the functional microorganisms in the fermentation bed break down the urine under the pigs into crude protein and form bacterial proteins and trace elements. At the same time, they release a lot of heat, and the heat is enough to keep the fermentation bed. In the cold winter (3-40 degrees outside the outside world), high room temperature (above 20 degrees in room temperature) can also be maintained. As long as there are pigs, as long as the pigs pull down the excreta, the heat is also continuous and sustainable. of.
Broadly or broadly speaking, the heat production mechanism of the fermentation bed is that functional microorganisms pull down the excreta of the pig under the participation of litter such as sawdust, rice hulls, peanut shells, etc., and decompose or decompose and metabolize to form the bacterial protein, and more , monosaccharides, crude protein, amino acids, trace elements, vitamins, etc., can produce a lot of calories in this process, there are three main methods of producing heat:
1, litter or sawdust or peanut shell contains a lot of lignin and cellulose, hemicellulose, these macromolecular substances in the role of microorganisms, decomposition into aromatic acids (such as syringic acid, protocatechuic acid, gallic acid, Phenolic acid and other small molecules, such as glucose, release a large amount of bond energy during the biodegradation of macromolecules into small molecules.
2. After the pig pulls down the stool, if it is pulled directly on the concrete floor, the heat will quickly dissipate and disappear, but it will be different if it is pulled on the fermentation bed. Because the litter is like sawdust, it has excellent water absorption. In the fermentation bed, it was soon absorbed by sawdust, which saved a lot of water and kept the heat. The excrement was buried along with the pig's overturning arch or artificial fall. It was buried under the surface of the fermentation bed less than 10 cm. The pig's excrement mainly contains no The proteins and organic materials that are used; the DNA Bacteria fermentation bed flora break down the urine into small molecules such as crude protein, bacterial proteins, and trace elements, while also releasing a lot of heat.
3, microbial bacteria, such as self-propagation and other activities will also produce a large number of metabolic heat, which is like a lot of people in a house, the house is also hot inside the same reason.
Third, the economic value of the "energy" of ecological fermentation beds
What value does the energy produced by the fermentation bed during operation have? In general, its value is mainly manifested in: the microorganisms decompose the feces, do not need to clear the excreta, and save the artificial labor for excreting urine; at the same time, there is no need to wash the pens, but also save a lot of water. According to the calculation, it can save 80% of water, and of course, it also saves a lot of heating power, which is even more valuable in dry and dry areas such as Gansu and Shaanxi. In winter, pigs are reared with conventional cement, and in order to resist cold, feed formulations are generally adjusted, such as increasing the amount of energy feed to maintain pig body temperature. Pigs are fed in a fermentation bed because the temperature on the bed is more suitable (the temperature is maintained at around 20-25 degrees for a year). Pigs do not need to use too much nutrients in the feed to raise the body temperature to keep the cold. Therefore, in the winter, the pigs in the fermentation bed culture, It can weigh 5-15 kg more than pigs bred in traditional cement. In the north, when the winter temperature is low and the pigs grow slowly, it is necessary to use floor heating or electric heating to increase the temperature of the pig house. The cost is certainly not low, and these heating measures are not needed in the fermentation bed, which can save a lot of construction costs and fuel costs. .
IV. Scientific and rational use of "energy" in ecological fermentation beds
The energy produced by the fermentation bed, especially the heat, plays a crucial role in the operation of the farm. For the winter, the heat is very valuable. Measures should be taken to retain the heat that has been generated and to avoid the lack of heat due to improper management and maintenance. Or produce less heat, usually using the following measures to keep warm:
1. During the construction process of housing, it is possible to adopt a double structure or cover grass curtains, and use color steel plates, hollow bricks, etc. to strengthen the insulation measures of the housing. 2. The sheds adopt the north-south position structure. The winter is sunny, which is conducive to the ventilation and warming of the sheds. Doors and windows should be opened and closed. During the sunny day, ventilation should be observed. In the evening, cold and high winds, attention should be paid to closing or semi-closed doors and windows. 3. For the northern regions, especially the north-west and northwest regions, the winter temperature is generally minus tens of degrees, and the thickness of the litter can be properly increased to enhance the fermentation intensity. For example, the conventional fermentation bed of the Ginba is only required to have a pad thickness of 50 cm. In the winter, it is possible to increase the thickness of the bedding by 10 cm to achieve a thickness of 60 cm. 4. For pigs that have already established fixed-digging urine habits and do not like to turn over the arches, they should do at least one turn per week. Fecal urine is buried 10-20 cm below the surface of the litter to prevent excrement on the bed surface, causing abnormal fermentation or fermentation. 5. The culture density should be controlled at 1.2-1.5m2/head to avoid excessive soaking of the fermentation bed due to manure. 6, in the winter due to large temperature difference between inside and outside the housing, a large number of water vapor encountered cold glass, plastic sheeting, or tin roof, the formation of drops of water droplets down to the bed, this situation should pay attention to daytime ventilation, the release of water vapor Drop it.
The heat generated in the fermentation bed is preserved through reasonable measures and can form a great energy economic value. For pigs grown on a fermentation bed, the pig's body temperature is normally 37-39 degrees because the temperature of the house is maintained at 15-25 degrees. According to the different stages of the pig, the optimum growth temperature range is: lactating sows (10-21.1), Newborn piglets (32 to 37.7), 3 weeks old piglets (23.8 to 29.4), pre-nursery piglets (23.8 to 29.4), late nursery piglets (21.1 to 26.6), growing pigs (5.5 to 21.1), growing pigs, pregnant mothers Pigs and boars (10.0 to 21.1); we use growing pigs as an example, the suitable growth temperature is 10-21.1 degrees, the ambient temperature is too low, pigs need to consume more energy for heat production to maintain their body temperature, Reduced daily weight gain and increased feed intake, resulting in lower feed conversion rates. Practice has proved that when the temperature is reduced to 10 degrees Celsius and 5 degrees Celsius, the pig's feed intake increased by 10% and 20%, respectively, while the weight gain instead decreased; when the growth and finishing pigs are below the lower critical temperature, the temperature dropped by 1 degree The daily weight loss decreased by 11-20% and the daily consumption increased by 25-35%. Taking the Baoding area of ​​Hebei Province as an example, every year from November to March in the coming year, the temperature is below 10 degrees in the four months, and the temperature of traditional cement sheds is generally below 10 degrees. Generally above 15 degrees, the user can estimate how much money the fermented bed saves on the whole winter-saving feed and more pork!
The energy produced by using the fermentation bed can be used to provide energy for the pigs (and not limited to pigs, ducks, geese, cows and sheep). In the cold winter, the traditional way to maintain the right temperature for the piglet is to put the piglet in a warming bed and set a hot plate on the bed, and use electric energy to heat it. The proper temperature can increase the survival rate and weaning weight of the piglet. However, energy does not always bring favorable aspects. In some cases, it should be distributed as soon as it is not needed, otherwise it will have a negative effect. In summer, the house does not need excessive heat. This is like drinking water when mouth is very valuable and useful, but too much water, such as prolonged rain or flooding, flooding, flood water disaster, which is the same reason. Therefore, when there is no need for heat, the fermentation bed should reduce the heat release by adjusting the fermentation intensity, and at the same time, effective measures should be taken for effective dissipation of excess heat. According to the practice of the Gymboree technicians over the years, the following measures should be taken during the summer to release or dissipate the excess heat.
1. The structure of the house is made of heat-insulating material, such as construction of pig houses with materials such as color steel plates and hollow bricks to prevent the sun from directly heating the house.
2, enhance ventilation and air permeability, pay attention to open the door to open the door to breathe, increase air mobility, conditions can be in the pigs, or the top of the housing installation exhaust fan or ventilation fan, the general power of about 100 watts, the price is less than 1,000 yuan It can be switched on intermittently during cool summer or hot weather. This method performs best when executed.
3, increase the number of overturning, the fall is not only conducive to the escape of heat, in the above space has been said, but also conducive to the evaporation of water.
4. The height of the shed should not be less than 2.5 meters. A ceiling fan or an exhaust fan can be added at the top to intermittently turn on the air during the hot weather to stir the air. (All rights reserved, please indicate the source!)
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