Scientific elements of raising sheep

The five key elements of scientific sheep farming are the result of continuous exploration and experience accumulation in breeding management, selection of quality stock, feeding strategies, and disease prevention. These have been summarized into "Pipe, Election, Match, Education, and Defense." Each element plays a vital role in improving productivity and economic returns. "Pipe" refers to scientific feeding and management practices. Successful sheep farmers typically use house-raising systems, combining grazing with supplementary feeding. This approach reduces reliance on open pastures while increasing technical input. A balanced combination of grazing and supplementation is essential: first, ensuring an ample supply of high-quality forage; second, storing silage and straw for winter; third, focusing on proper nutrition for lambs and pregnant ewes. Flexible grazing methods, such as grouping sheep by age, sex, and size (50–100 per group), help optimize resource use. Fattening and breeding sheep graze separately, while rams and breeding ewes stay in local areas. By rotating grazing areas and using techniques like "starry sky" grazing, farmers ensure efficient pasture utilization and better flock health. "Election" involves selecting the best herd structure. Farmers regularly cull low-performing or old sheep, while retaining the most productive individuals. The selection process considers factors like market trends, breed type, and growth rate. Ewe retention rates usually range from 35% to 40%, with a culling rate of 15% to 20%. Rams are often imported from breeds like Suffolk or Dorset rather than being bred locally. Maintaining a balanced age structure—15%–20% young sheep, 65%–75% adults, and 10%–20% older ones—helps maximize reproductive efficiency. A higher proportion of ewes, especially fertile ones, improves lambing rates and overall profitability. "Match" focuses on mating strategies. Selecting compatible rams and ewes, along with controlled breeding techniques, ensures better genetic outcomes. Artificial insemination and estrus synchronization allow for more uniform lambing periods, increasing conception rates. This leads to healthier, more uniform lambs and better farm management. "Education" refers to the care and development of sheep, particularly during late pregnancy and lactation. Proper nutrition, clean water, and hygiene are crucial. A balanced feed mix includes corn, bran, cake, alfalfa, and minerals. Ewes receive 0.5–0.7 kg of supplement daily, divided into two portions. Lambs are gradually introduced to quality feed, starting at 10–14 days old, with increasing amounts based on their age. This helps them grow stronger and adapt to solid food faster. "Defense" involves disease prevention. Regular vaccinations, medicinal baths after shearing, and insect control in spring and autumn are standard practices. Infected animals are isolated, and sheds are disinfected with vegetation and wood ash. These measures significantly reduce disease spread and improve survival rates. By integrating these five elements, sheep farmers can achieve sustainable and profitable production.

Integrated Roughness Profilometer

Roughness Profilometer, also known as surface roughness meter, surface smoothness meter, surface roughness tester, roughness measurement meter, roughness tester, and other names. It has the characteristics of high measurement accuracy, wide measurement range, easy operation, portability, and stable operation. It can be widely used for the detection of various metal and non-metal processing surfaces. This instrument is a pocket instrument that integrates sensors and hosts, with handheld characteristics, making it more suitable for use in production sites. The exterior design is sturdy and durable, with significant resistance to electromagnetic interference, in line with current design trends.

The application fields of roughness meters include:

1. Mechanical processing and manufacturing industry, mainly metal processing and manufacturing. Roughness meters were originally developed to detect the surface roughness of machined parts. Especially, stylus type roughness measuring instruments are more suitable for detecting hard metal surfaces. For example, the automotive parts processing and manufacturing industry, the mechanical parts processing and manufacturing industry, and so on. As long as these processing and manufacturing industries involve the surface quality of workpieces, the detection application of roughness meters is essential.

2. In the non-metallic processing and manufacturing industry, with the progress and development of technology, more and more new materials are applied to processing processes, such as ceramics, plastics, polyethylene, etc. Some bearings are now made of special ceramic materials, and pump valves are made of polyethylene materials. These materials have a hard texture, and some applications can replace metal materials to make workpieces. During production and processing, their surface roughness also needs to be tested.

3. With the continuous strengthening and improvement of the technology and functions of roughness meters, as well as their in-depth promotion and application, more and more industries have been found to require roughness detection. In addition to mechanical processing and manufacturing, roughness evaluation is also required in the production and processing of power, communication, electronics, such as couplings on switches, integrated circuit semiconductors, and even stationery, tableware, and other products used in people's daily lives The surface roughness of human teeth needs to be tested.

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