How is broccoli grown? Today, Hui Nongwang Xiaobian mainly talks about the broccoli planting technology in the early spring facilities in northern China. The farmers who need it can come and study!
1 variety selection
In Lanzhou, due to the low temperature in early spring, the growth of broccoli seedlings is slow, but in the later period, the weather will warm up and the ambient temperature will rise rapidly. Therefore, in the early spring planting broccoli, you should choose a variety that has good cold resistance, good heat resistance, strong adaptability, and tight flower ball. The varieties suitable for planting in Gansu are: Qilian Baixue, Yuguan, Yuxue and so on.
2 sowing seedlings
In Lanzhou, Gansu, broccoli must be cultivated in the greenhouse in spring. The seeding time is usually from December to January, and the amount of broccoli seeds is 100-120kg/m2. Seeds should be selected with seeds with full grain size and uniform size. The seeds should be treated before sowing. The treatment method is as follows: the seeds are wrapped with gauze, firstly immersed in hot water at 50 °C for 15 min, then in warm water at 30 °C. Soak for 2h, then remove and dry, and finally mix and mix with 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 50% thiram double wettable powder in a ratio of 1:1. On the plot, choose the plots that have not been planted with cruciferous vegetables for seedling. When the seedlings are nursed, the seedbed should be fully filled with water. After the water is infiltrated, a layer of fine soil can be sprinkled on the surface of the seedbed, and then the broccoli seeds are evenly sprinkled on the plot. Above, after sowing, cover the surface with 1cm of fine soil.
3 seedling management
Since the weather is cold in the early spring, it is necessary to make insulation measures after sowing to promote the emergence of seedlings and prevent cold damage and freezing damage. Therefore, during the day, the temperature of the greenhouse should be controlled at around 20 °C, and at night should be controlled at around 10 °C. After the seedlings are released, a layer of fine soil of about 0.5 cm is sprinkled on the surface of the seedbed to prevent cracking of the bed surface. At the same time, however, the temperature of the seedbed should also be lowered to prevent the seedlings from growing, and the temperature during the day and night should be about 5 °C lower than that of the nursery. With the growth of seedlings, the seedlings should be refurbished according to the temperature of the air, so as to enhance the adaptability of the seedlings. When refining the seedlings, firstly ventilate and cool down at noon on sunny days, then increase the amount of air release or extend the daily cloaking time so that the seedlings can gradually adapt to the low temperature environment to improve the survival rate after transplanting and planting. The age of broccoli is generally 45. ~ 60d or so. When the leaves of the seedlings grow to 3 to 4, the seedlings are divided, and the seedlings of different sizes are separated when the seedlings are divided, and the row spacing is 10 cm×10 cm.
4 Fertilization
Cauliflower is suitable for planting in an environment where the soil is loose and fertile, the texture is good, the soil layer is deep, and the ventilation is good. Therefore, in the planting, the sandy loam should be selected with flat terrain, excellent soil physical and chemical properties, drainage and irrigation, and the cultivated plots have not been planted with cross-flower crops within 2 years. In the preparation of the land, the fertilizer can be applied to the field at the same time. The general fertilization type and fertilization amount are: 5,000-6000kg/667m2 of decomposed farmyard ash, 100-150kg/667m2 of plant ash, 20kg/667m2 of urea, 15kg/667m2 of potassium sulfate, and phosphorus Ammonium 15kg/667m2, in addition, in order to increase the weight of the flower ball and prevent hollowness, the mineral boron fertilizer can be applied 2~2.5kg/667m2. Deeply plowing the land 25cm, then smashing the scorpion to make a small sorghum of 1m2 to be planted; in addition, it can be made into a ridge with a ridge width of 35cm, a groove width of 10cm and a height of 10-15cm, and then the film is to be fixed, and the purpose of the film is In order to improve the ground temperature, protect the phlegm and promote precocity.
5 colonization
When the leaves of broccoli seedlings reached 4 to 5 pieces, they were colonized. The broccoli planting in the plastic greenhouse in Lanzhou Honggu District was generally carried out in mid-February. The colonization time is preferably sunny at noon, and should be irrigated once after planting. Lanzhou area has low temperature and low temperature in early spring. Therefore, in order to promote slow seedling and improve survival rate, it should be closed in 3~5d after planting, and it should not be ventilated. After planting for 5-6d, the seedling water will be poured. Ventilation is started after slow seedling, and the ventilation is from small to large, so that the temperature in the shed is 15 to 20 °C during the day and 5 to 10 °C during the night. After 15 days of planting, the amount of air should be further increased, and the venting should not be covered. In the first half of May, the film can be removed and the light is visible throughout the day.
6 Fertilizer management
Cultivated cauliflower in the greenhouse, because the amount of water evaporation in the shed is small, the number of watering is less than that of the open field, and the watering is generally not watered. During the lotus sitting period, the soil should be ploughed and seedlings should be carried out. During the ball-forming period, due to the increased demand for fertilizer water, attention should be paid to strengthening watering and keeping the soil moist. At the same time, topdressing is carried out in combination with watering. Generally, urea is applied 10~15kg/667m2, diammonium phosphate 10kg/667m2, potassium sulfate 10kg/ 667m2, in addition, can also be sprayed with 0.2% borax solution to prevent the hollow ball. Watering should be carried out on sunny days. Ventilation is required after watering to reduce the humidity in the shed and prevent disease. Rainy and snowy weather should also be ventilated, but be careful not to frost damage the seedlings. In the later stages of the ball, the irrigation and topdressing should be controlled. When the diameter of the flower ball is 10cm, the beam is shaded to prevent direct sunlight and ensure that the flower ball is white.
7 pruning
After the broccoli is slowed down, the lateral buds begin to grow between the leaves and should be removed in time to prevent nutrient loss. However, in order to carry out the second and third harvests, when the main flower ball has just appeared, two or three strong side branches can be retained around the main flower ball to form a side branch flower ball for the second harvest. Generally, the yield of the lateral flower bulb is 12% to 18% of the main flower ball.
8 pest control
8.1 Diseases and prevention
(1) Viral disease: Cauliflower virus disease is mainly caused by turnip mosaic virus, which occurs in the cauliflower seedling stage. In the early stage of the disease, the leaves showed small round green-free plaques. As the condition worsened, the whole leaves became lighter, and the leaves shrunk and deformed, and finally the whole plant was necrotic. The control is generally controlled by spray with 10% mixed fatty acid emulsion 900~1200g/hm2.
(2) Fungal diseases: The fungal diseases of broccoli mainly include rickets, blight, black spot and downy mildew. For the prevention and treatment, generally use 50% Fu·Mu Wei WP 1500-900g/hm2, or 30% basic copper sulphate suspension 800-1000g/hm2, or 20% agricultural anti-120 water agent (double-resistance) 150g/hm2 spray Prevention and treatment.
8.2 Pests and control
(1) Pieris rapae, Plutella xylostella: 3.8 to 2250 g / hm2 with 1.8% Avicola emulsifiable concentrate, or 1500 to 2250 ml / hm2 of 4 000 IU/ul suspension of Bacillus thuringiensis, or 1 600 IU/mg of Bacillus thuringiensis wettability Powder 750 ~ 1125 g / hm2 spray control.
(2) Underground pests: The bottom pests that harm broccoli are mainly cockroaches and mantle. In the treatment, the soil is generally treated with 1.1% matrine powder 330-420 g/hm2. In addition, it can also be controlled by poison bait, mixed with 50% of tiger frog emulsifiable concentrate (ene fluoronitrile) and appropriate amount of water into peanut bran, wheat bran or bean bran, and then sprinkled into the soil.
Tip: In addition, it is also possible to take measures such as changing crops, cleaning the fields, and cultivating the land to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases.
9 harvesting
Timely harvesting can ensure the quality of broccoli. If the harvest is too early, the flower ball does not grow completely, which affects the yield. If the harvest is too late, the flower ball will become loose due to excessive growth, and even the yellow petals will be revealed. Affects quality and commodity value, and is not resistant to storage and transportation. Therefore, the broccoli should be harvested in time after it matures. The harvesting standard is: the flower ball is fully expanded and not loosened, and the surface is flat. The harvest should be carried out in the early morning. When harvesting, the main flower stalks are cut at 10 cm, and the outer petiole is removed. After the base leaves 3 to 4 leaflets, they can be packaged and shipped to the market for sale. When the top flower ball is harvested, and then the fertilizer and water management is strengthened, the side branch flower ball can be continuously harvested 2 to 3 times.
About the high-yield and high-yield cultivation techniques of broccoli in the early spring of the northern region, if you want to know other vegetables, you can continue to pay attention to the Huinong School of Huinong.
Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine,Toxoid Vaccine,Hep B Immune Globulin,Immunoglobulin Injections,Tetanus Antitoxin,Varicella Vaccine
FOSHAN PHARMA CO., LTD. , https://www.foshanmedicine.com