Autumn and winter season mushroom operating points

In the production of agaricus, straw mushroom, Coprinus comatus and other varieties, covering material is essential. In the production of Pleurotus ostreatus, Pleurotus eryngii, and Pleurotus eryngii, there are also cover soil cultivation. Under certain conditions, soil-covered cultivation can make the material temperature constant, adequate water, as long as the operation is effective, its yield is relatively high; but for the selection and treatment of earth-covered materials, many farmers do not have enough understanding. Based on the growth needs of edible fungi and long-term research and development practices, the author describes the preparation methods of earth-covered materials as follows, hoping to help Mutangong's friends.

1. The peat soil: The peat soil is used as edible fungus covering material, and the application effect on reproduction is the best; but the resources of the species in China are less, and the distribution is uneven. Most of them are concentrated in the northeast and other regions, and the cost is used as resources. On the other hand, transportation costs have increased a lot. At present, the sales price of peat soil in Shandong Province (Jinan land price) is about 470 yuan per ton; in the case of Agaricus bisporus, the cost is increased by 7 yuan per square meter, yield With an increase of 30%, an increase in output value of 15 yuan, and an input-output ratio of 1:2, and some experimental outputs increase by more than 100%, the input-output ratio is more than 1:6, which is economically very cost-effective. The treatment of peat soil is very simple: use the "soil material treatment agent" while mixing side spray, mix back and forth to use twice, if not at that time, you can use the peritoneum spare.

2. Ordinary soil preparation: In general arable land, the soil in the cultivating layer is considered to have high organic matter and suitable aggregate structure, which is suitable for earth covering materials. However, due to the fertile soil in the tillage layer, the soil microbial population is very high, which contains some microbial populations that are harmful to edible fungi, and should not be used in large quantities in actual production. The soil layer below 20 cm in the tillage layer has relatively low level of relative fertility and poor granule structure, but the amount of harmful micro-organisms is small. After simple disinfection and sterilization, the applied effect is better as a cover soil material.

The specific operation is: After every 100 square meters of cultivated area of ​​the mushroom shed, after taking about 5,000 kilograms of soil, it shall be dried, crushed and sifted so that the diameter of soil particles 0.5-1 cm and 0.3 cm will account for 50% of the total. Then use “Cover material treatment agent” with 800 times phoxim and mix and spray, until it is confirmed that there is liquid coating on each soil particle, and it can be taken after one week. When used, open up the mound and dry it a little to enter the shed. The preparation of this kind of material is simple, but the loam is better, and the more viscous one can incorporate some fine sand to ensure the permeability of the cover soil or eliminate the phenomenon of compaction.

3. Alumina preparation: The material is rice hull and river mud, the weight ratio is approximately 1:10; 4000 kg of river mud, 500 kg of rice husk and accessories are prepared for every 100 square meters of cultivation area; the river mud is dried and crushed, Rice husks are soaked in 4% lime water for about 20 hours, and then added with supplementary materials to ferment and ripen. Then the two are mixed well. Add water to mix the moisture content to about 20%, spray and mix well, then cover the film, and turn it every 2-4 days. Once, turn about 3-4 times, spread out the smell and use it.

Preparation of humus: If the humus is well treated, not only its organic nutrient is high, but also the content of quick-acting nutrients is relatively complete. As the earth-covered material, its physical permeability and tightness are very favorable to hyphae creeping and Solid growth, which laid the foundation for production. With materials (for 100 square shed with cover soil): cattle dung powder 600-1000 kg, 100 kg of soybean cake, calcium magnesium phosphate 80 kg, urea 40 kg, lime powder 60 kg, gypsum powder 30 kg.

Operation method: Select the land near the water source, and on an area of ​​about 25 square meters, the surrounding soil shall be more than 10 square meters. After the materials are crushed and mixed, spread evenly on the ground, turning over 20 cm deep, and slightly leveling. After the ground, the irrigation water was equal to the cofferdam, and the watering operation was repeated once in about 10 days, and then the water surface height was maintained. When the temperature is high, about 7-10 days, there will be smelly blisters on the water surface. When the temperature rises above 30°C for 3-4 times, there will be a lot of foul water bubbles on the surface of the water. After that, the water can be let off and it will naturally dry. When there are a large number of wide and deep cracks on the soil surface, remove the 20 cm soil layer. Place on a hardened road to dry, crush, and then refer to the above sprayed "Cover material treatment agent" solution, the film can be used after about 7 days.

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