In recent years, the area of ​​rice straw returning to Jiangdu has continuously increased, playing an active role in improving soil and reducing environmental pollution. However, due to inadequate supporting measures for straw returning, it has a negative impact on soil preparation, sowing, emergence and growth of wheat seedlings, and can easily cause freezing damage and waterlogging. In order to effectively accomplish the full amount of rice straw mechanization work, we must pay close attention to the key technology, comprehensive use of supporting measures to promote the whole wheat seedlings, strong seedlings.
1. Straw shredding, mechanical rotary ploughing The full amount of returning stalk machinery to the field includes both harvesting operations and field operations. Among them, the large-medium-sized tractors are used in the field operation, and straw returning implements are used to realize the mechanized operation of returning the straw to the fields. The soil, the buried grass, and the cover are completed at one time. In the field of machinery selection, we can choose a variety of mechanical combinations according to the actual situation, power machinery can be used 50 ~ 75 horsepower tractors, backing machinery recommended the use of reverse rake rake rotary cultivator, the main features of the machine is stable and stable, Sludge is of good quality, high coverage, stable and reliable operation, and flat surface after operation. The key to full-field return technology of straw machinery is to start the straw shredding device during harvesting. The height of the straw should be less than 15 cm, the length of straw shredding should be shorter than 10 cm, the straw should be evenly thrown by hand, and the straw should be evenly distributed by a high-performance counter-rotator. Embed a layer of soil 15-20 centimeters deep; perform shallow operation twice, improve the quality of soil preparation, meet the sowing requirements, and reduce the depth of seed, cluster seeds, and dew seeds.
2. Appropriate planting, after sowing suppression of straw machinery returned to the field by the second shallow operation after the flat surface, can be directly drilled or artificial sowing and mechanical cover seed, trenching operations. In Jiangdu City, the seeds sowed in early November of the year were sowed semi-precisely. The basic seedlings per acre were controlled within 180,000 and the seed amount was about 10 kilograms. The seed amount per acre sowed before and after November 10 was 12 to 14 kilograms. The sowing depth should be 3 to 5 cm. When sowing good field plots should be suppressed after sowing, soil compaction, increase the rate of emergence; sowing the poor soil moisture in the field after sowing should suppress and drown, promote early emergence and Qimiao. In the case of continuous rainy weather, sowing "Ningzao Lun" can be avoided, so as to avoid rotten farming and poor planting.
3. Supporting the ditch system to improve the resistance of wheat seedlings to support the field trench system after sowing, to reach the ditch and ditch, internal and external phase connection, to ensure that energy irrigation can discharge, promote the healthy growth of wheat seedlings, and enhance the ability to withstand the adverse weather such as continuous rain, pour cold and so on. In the 3 to 4 leaf stage of wheat with 15% paclobutrazol WP 30 to 40 grams of water and 50 kg of spray, increase the roots to prevent strong growth and strong seedlings, and improve plant resistance to cold and frost. At the beginning of the jointing season of wheat, spray 40 kg of water and 50 kg of water per mu for each mu of Wangchangchang block to control the internode elongation and prevent late lodging.
4. Increase nitrogen before moving forward, properly manage fertilizers and appropriately increase the amount of nitrogen fertilizer in the basal fertilizer to meet the nitrogen demand of straw decomposition and wheat seedling growth, and promote the expansion of wheat leafhoppers to achieve strong seedlings overwintering. Straw returned to the wheat field at the end of the fertility enhancement, can be appropriately reduced the amount of jointing and panicle fertilizer. Generally, the total amount of pure nitrogen per acre is 17 to 19 kg. The application ratio of base seedling fertilizer, balanced relay fertilizer and jointing panicle-fertilizer is preferably 5.5:1:3.5 or 6:1:3.
5. A kind of tube, strong seedlings early on the lack of line ridges and seedlings seedlings promptly reseeding or replenishment. For the deficiencies in the use of basal fertilizer, Miao Miao was applied at the heart stage of 1 leaf of wheat seedlings.
6. Strengthen prevention and control of pests and diseases We will focus on the prevention and control of weeds before and during winter and the control of sheath blight, powdery mildew, head blight and aphids in the middle and late stages. In recent years, the incidence of wheat sheath blight has been increasing year by year, resulting in 1% to 3% or even more than 5% of the rate of white spikes. The production should be based on early prevention, early management, and general management. The use of large doses should be controlled from the end of February to the beginning of March. , large amount of water, coarse spray method. The field of early sowing, high-yield demonstration, strong growth, and low-lying plots are the key areas for prevention and control.
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