According to the Dutch "FlowerTECH" magazine original Dr.ThomasMeyer Fang Hai compiled (2002.02.02) in European greenhouses, if applied pesticides, then the application rate per hectare is mostly 500-1500 liters. With the improvement of the level of science and technology and the continuous accumulation of practical experience, coupled with people’s increasing attention to environmental protection, the concept of integrated pest management has become increasingly important in greenhouse planting. The concept of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is widely recognized. The goal of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is to reduce the impact of chemical pesticides on the environment by improving the composition and application methods of pesticides while protecting natural resources. Since the 1980s, cold fog technology has emerged in the production of greenhouses to show its prominence, gradually play a role, and its role is playing an increasingly important role. Experience shows that as long as the right equipment is used, the use of pesticides, water and energy can be reduced. The core of this technology is to use water as a carrier to apply high-concentration pharmaceuticals to pests, and the dosage per hectare is approximately 20-60 liters. The optimal dosage depends on the height of the plant and the density of the leaves, as well as some other special factors such as the degree of disease in the plant. Cold fog technology is also known as UltraLowVolume ULV, which means that when the liquid is applied, the droplets of the liquid become very small, and the droplet diameter is generally controlled at 1-50 microns to reach the maximum Excellent spatial and surface distribution. In this way, the chemical residue can be quickly decomposed and the onset time of the pesticide can be shortened. Under normal circumstances, it is necessary to use 10-30 μm droplets to deal with flying insects, 20-40 μm droplets for leaf nematodes, and 30-50 μm droplets for fungal diseases. For fungal diseases, cold fog technology is more suitable for prevention and control. The production of droplets Most of the current machines in the market use compressed air to generate tiny droplets. The motor drives the air compressor to produce airflow. The liquid is introduced into the nozzle of the machine under a certain pressure, where it is atomized into tiny droplets. There is also a high-pressure system on the market to produce droplets. There is also a way to generate droplets that use a turntable system. In general, the droplets produced by this method are generated by fans in the machine and can be sprayed out by the controlled airflow. With such machines, very stable mist streams can be sprayed in the greenhouse. Advantages of cold fog technology The use of cold fog technology has the following advantages: 1. Machines are generally fully automatic, and only when the canister is empty, the operator will come into contact with the pesticide, thus it can maximize the reduction of operators and pesticides. direct contact. 2. Compared with conventional pesticide spraying, the labor and time required for the use of cold fog technology are much less, thereby reducing labor costs. 3. Since the machine is fully automatic, it is completely possible to spray the liquid after the worker is off work, so the use of labor can be optimized. 4. Ideal and stable sprays can be performed in greenhouses, especially stabilizers such as emulsified oil etc. are added to the liquid. These stabilizers allow the liquid droplets to float in the air for a long time and do not evaporate quickly. 5. Compared to conventional sprayers, the use of cold fog technology greatly reduces noise. 6. The loss of liquid medicine is reduced, and the degree of pollution is also reduced. 7. Due to the reduced dosage, pests will be exposed to the drug mist for a longer period of time. 8. The liquid surface can be more ideally distributed, which is conducive to the poisoning of pests. Purchase and use of equipment If a grower has an interest in cold fog machines and intends to purchase them, he or she should carefully examine the following items and make the final decision. 1. Can the device work fully or semi-automatically? If this is the case, you can leave a lot of work to the machine to free people. 2. The machine's canister is large enough to minimize the number of refills. 3. If there is a problem with the device using wettable powders? If the device uses a high-pressure system, what measures does the manufacturer take to avoid clogging of the orifice? 4. Is controlled air flow guaranteed (note that large fans do not always mean good performance)? The common fan plus nozzle may cause turbulent flow, making it difficult to ensure stable and uniform sprayed mist. 5. Is the machine equipped with agitation system to ensure that the mixture is always in suspension, especially when wettable powders are used. 6. The machine has a perfect ventilation system. 7. Can the machine produce droplets of the size we need? 8. If the machine is equipped with an air compressor, the seal is effective to avoid damage to the plant caused by oil leakage. After all the above questions can be satisfactorily answered, then decide whether to purchase the cold fog machine. Precautions for use After the machine is purchased, it is important to pay attention to some basic matters. Water as a drug carrier must be sufficient for use. For most dwarf plants, such as potted plants and most cut flowers, this means that at least 2 liters of water per 1,000 square meters is used, plus the addition of chemicals and stabilizers. For plants with relatively high plant and leaf density, at least 5 litres of water per 1,000 square meters are required. Also in this case, it is best to use a fan in the greenhouse at the same time so that droplets can be well dispersed. In general, the more water there is, the more droplets the machine can produce, and the more droplets that can stably diffuse, the more droplets will hit the target. If the relative humidity in the greenhouse is less than 85-90%, it is best to use a stabilizer, or the droplets will quickly evaporate, affecting the efficacy. The more droplets, the better the coverage of the droplets on the back of the leaves. Experience has shown that the ratio of coverage of foliar droplets on the leaves and leaves is 1:8. This means that when more water is used to increase the amount of droplets, the droplets that cover the leaves will increase. Don't let the machine work directly under the plant, let it work at a height of 30-50 cm or put it on the main channel to avoid excessive drug concentration causing phytotoxicity to the plant. The proliferation of droplets should be smooth and free from obstructions. Must ensure the correct dosage and solution ratio. Clean and lukewarm (approximately 20-30°C) water should be used to prepare the liquid. In fact, almost all pesticides that can be sprayed conventionally with water can use cold fog technology. Of course, before doing so, look at the instructions for the use of pharmaceuticals. A general-purpose system is used more and more widely in greenhouses throughout Europe due to the many advantages of cold fog technology. Due to the large number of machine types, machines for all sizes of greenhouses can be found, so cold fog technology can be applied in almost all greenhouses. In the past few years, biological control technologies have made great progress. Many diseases and insect pests can be solved by biological control technologies. However, in the case of serious pests and diseases, I am afraid that only chemical pesticides can solve the problem. In this case, cold fog technology can be seen as an "emergency rescue team." Not only can the problem be solved effectively, but also the inherent negative effects of pesticides can be kept to a minimum.
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