"Teacher Cai! Why don't the autumn peppers we grow every year have a higher yield than the peppers grown in spring?"
"Why do you manage the planting?"
On September 2, when Cai Qiangguo, a senior agronomist and vegetable cultivation expert from Nanjiang County Agricultural and Rural Bureau, and other agricultural technicians came to Yuluo Village, Bamiao Town, they were asked by Wang Nenghui and other villagers in detail. After the villagers have learned about the techniques of managing autumn peppers, they said that autumn peppers generally set fruit from late September to early and mid-October, and from late October to New Year’s Day and Spring Festival, the temperature is 23 ℃-28℃, coupled with the change of autumn temperature, therefore, in order to achieve high yield of autumn pepper, fine management is the key. Specifically, it is necessary to finely manage the temperature, moisture, fertilizer, pest control and other aspects.
When the daytime temperature is higher than 28℃, the greenhouse should be covered with straw curtains or double-layer sunshade nets to cool down, and the shed skirts should be opened for day and night ventilation. When the daytime temperature is lower than 20℃, the straw curtains and sunshade nets can be removed. When the night temperature is lower than 13℃, the small shed should be buckled in the big shed. When the night temperature is lower than 5℃, the small arch canopy should be covered with straw curtains.
After entering late October, when the temperature is below 0°C, the grass curtains in the large and small sheds should be appropriately thickened. At the same time, no matter what the weather is, the grass curtains must be exposed to light. The time for uncovering the grass curtains on icy and snowy days can be shortened and the cover will be re-covered after 4 pm. The outside air temperature continued to drop in November. It is necessary to further reduce the amount and time of the air release, and add a small arch shed in the large shed. The outside temperature is lower in December, so thick straw curtains should be placed on the small arches to prevent freezing. Conditional vegetable farmers can cover a layer of agricultural film on the outside of the straw curtain, which can prevent moisture and increase the heat preservation effect. In winter, the temperature is low, the whole pepper plant can be uprooted, high-density artificial planting, and then the limited agricultural film and grass thatch can be covered in a concentrated manner, which can effectively extend the supply period and obtain higher economic benefits.
The fertilizer for the cultivation of autumn pepper is based on the base fertilizer, and the top dressing is based on the compound fertilizer. Generally, it is based on the seedling top dressing. The nitrogen fertilizer should not be excessive, otherwise it will cause a lot of flower and fruit drop. Specifically, it is to apply fertilizer once 10 days after planting and the initial stage of fruit setting. Apply 10 kg of compound fertilizer per mu each time. In the peak fruit setting period, apply compound fertilizer 10-15 kg or urea. 8 kg, 10 kg potassium sulfate. The top dressing should be controlled at 3-4 times during the whole growth period. When the fruit is basically sitting, combined with disease control, apply foliar topdressing, spray 2-3 times with 300 times each of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea, spraying once every 7-10 days, which can promote fruit expansion. Increase production.
Remove the long branches, injured branches and diseased branches below the branches in time. Weak door peppers and counter peppers should be removed in time to prevent falling seedlings. The two-branched flower buds should be removed as soon as possible to promote the growth of the plant and increase the yield. Before and after the first frost, remove the tender shoots and invalid branch flower buds. In the case of double plant cultivation, the weak branches in the inner chamber should be removed to facilitate the formation of large fruits.
Greenhouses that are difficult to keep warm can be harvested in early winter and listed in one go. Greenhouses with thermal insulation conditions can be put on the market during the New Year's Day and Spring Festival, especially after the twelfth lunar month, in the event of heavy snowy weather, non-local peppers cannot enter the local market. Locally produced autumn peppers will have better benefits, generally the market price per kilogram Above 6 yuan, the income per mu can reach nearly 10,000 yuan, and the benefits are very considerable.
Prevention and control methods of autumn pepper pests
The main pests are mole crickets, aphids, yellow rapae, cabbage caterpillars, and diamondback moths.
â‘ To control mole crickets, dissolve 50 grams of 90% crystal trichlorfon in 0.8 kg of water, mix with sauteed bran, seal for 4-5 hours, and sprinkle on the edge of the seedbed in the evening to kill.
â‘¡ Use 40% dimethoate plus 800-1000 times liquid of vinegar and 2000-4000 times liquid of pyrethroid pesticides to prevent and control aphids, cabbage caterpillar, alternately in the morning and evening. Spraying should be uniform, and both sides should be sprayed. The stalks should also be coated with medicine, spray once every 4-6 days. Diseases in the seedling stage of Qiuyan pepper have damping-off, and the diseases from the seedling stage to the adult plant stage mainly include virus disease, scab, anthracnose, gray mold and so on.
â‘¢The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in the seedling stage is mainly through the disinfection of seeds, the bed soil, and the soil and fertilizer are fully decomposed. Scabs are treated with 30% fungicide 400 times liquid, chlorothalonil 400 times 250 mg streptomycin per kg alternate spray prevention. For the prevention and treatment of viral diseases, 20% virus A400 times solution and cytokinin 600 times solution are sprayed alternately.
â‘£For the prevention and treatment of gray mold, 50% Sukeling 2000 times liquid can be sprayed.
⑤ To prevent and treat anthracnose, use 75% chlorothalonil 500 times liquid or 25% chlorothalonil 800 times liquid to spray alternately.
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