Drought is the main natural disaster in agricultural production in our county. Eighty percent of the years have different degrees of drought. All kinds of crops are facing the threat of drought at various stages of growth and development, and light crops affect normal growth and development. Severe plants withered and died, resulting in a large area of ​​reduced yield. This drought was caused by low precipitation, late coming rainy season, high precipitation variability, uneven distribution in different seasons, and due to scarce vegetation and poor soil in most parts of the county. Poor water capacity and low water use.
1. Drought-type droughts can occur throughout the year in my county. According to the degree of damage to the crops and the most likely period, the drought can be divided into different types, ie, early spring drought, early spring drought, late summer drought, drought and autumn drought. class. See the table below
Drought types and indicators
Types of
time
degree
index
Years of appearance
Early spring drought
March-April
in
Precipitation anomalies ≥ -30%, or no precipitation ≥ 10.0?
5
weight
At the same time, there is a two-month precipitation anomaly ≥-40%
2 There was no 10.0 precipitation in two months
5
End of spring and early summer drought
May-June
in
Three consecutive precipitation anomalies ≥-40%
6
weight
Continuous three-day precipitation anomaly ≥-60%
5
Drought
From mid-July to mid-August
in
Two consecutive days of precipitation anomaly ≥ -50%
6
weight
Three consecutive precipitation anomalies ≥ -50%
5
Autumn drought
From late August to late September
in
Precipitation anomalies ≥ -25%
4
weight
Precipitation anomaly ≥ -50%
5
1. Drought in early spring: Early spring drought refers to drought in March-April.
In March-April, it was winter wheat returning to the jointing stage. Other summer grain crops were in the stage of seeding and seedling growth. In late April, the big autumn crops were sowed one after another. The drought at this time was likely to cause seeding difficulties, and the soil of the next species was dry. , unearthed difficult to form a lack of seedlings.
2. Late spring and early summer drought: Early spring drought and early drought refers to the May-June drought.
May-June is the jointing, heading, flowering, and grain-filling period of the winter wheat crop, and it is also the key period of water requirement for the whole growing season. At this time, large quantities of bottom consuming products are consumed, such as high temperature and dryness, large evaporation, plants will be significantly affected by drought and wilting leaf roll, which will have a serious impact on the yield of winter wheat.
3. Drought-free drought: Drought-free drought refers to the drought from mid-July to mid-August.
This period is the hottest time of the year in our county, and it is also the peak period of precipitation. If there is no rain or little rain during this period, it will form a drought. As the saying goes, “Spring drought is not drought, and drought is reduced by half†is normal grouting for winter wheat. affected.
4. Autumn drought: Autumn drought refers to the drought from late August to late September. Soil moisture is less than 80%. In late August, the peak of the rainy season has passed and the amount of rainfall has gradually decreased, which is very unfavorable for the preparation and seedling of winter wheat.
Second, drought prevention measures
1. Reasonable layout and rotation.
By rationally arranging dumping and saving water, wheat production is mainly adopted, and drought-resistant and water-saving crops are planted. Crops such as beans, wheat, corn, potato, flax and other crops are selected to lay a good foundation for wheat production.
2, deep and shallow round of ploughing to improve water storage and protection of deep plowing to break the inherent plough bottom layer, thicken the living soil layer, increase water permeability, according to the determination of plough layer thickening 4?, acres of water storage can increase 70 cubic meters, deep plowing can promote root system Under the bar, expand the scope of absorption of water and fertilizer to improve the utilization of water and fertilizer. Deep plowing has to be limited, and it cannot be plowed for years. In particular, the autumn drought is less prone to deep plowing, resulting in a lack of public opinion and affecting sowing. According to the characteristics of the dry land, a 3-4-year deep-medium rotation method is adopted. In the rainy year, it is cultivated for a full year, with a depth of 25 ft. After that, it is 2-3 years for shallow ploughing. In this way, the purpose of deep ploughing can be achieved. Increased the chance of soil conservation, can form a solid soil structure of the upper Panasonic, is conducive to grab the next species, deep plowing should be based on the original plow layer is appropriate to every 5?.
3. Deep-cultivation Nayuyubaobao adopting deep dry soils, good texture, and strong water storage capacity in areas where the rainfall of the annual crop on the Loess Plateau is relatively low, deep ploughing is carried out at a depth of not less than 20 ,. Preserve natural precipitation, keep the land in middle ground, reach the spring rain and use the spring rain, autumn drought and fall resistance. Stepping ploughs and machine farming are recommended, with a cultivating depth of 25 ft., receiving lyophobic rain, water storage, cultivating shallow hoeing, and sowing. Create a loose, air-permeable soil environment for winter sow wheat.
4. Select drought-resistant varieties, use planted water according to environmental conditions in drylands, select drought-resistant varieties, harmonize them with environmental conditions, and use biological functions to increase the efficiency of the use of environmental resources. Practice has proved that the drought-resistant varieties grown in drylands can increase yields compared to other varieties. As far as wheat production is concerned, different wheat barriers have different ecological environmental requirements. Their water demand and response, as well as their characteristic characteristics, are significantly different. In general, the strong tiller plants have strong root systems, high plant height, long internodes under the ear, broad leaf widths, and loosely arranged spikelets. Their drought tolerance is strong, and the consumption of water per plant is relatively small. Therefore, depending on the characteristics of the varieties, it is appropriate to select the mid-high culm varieties with a plant height of 90 cm in terms of the amount of ground water and soil fertility selection, and the wet years and dry land. It is advisable to choose a stable product with a plant height of about 100 cm in the year of drought and in the dry land. Jing Ning 8, 9 and 10 with strong drought resistance should be promoted, Jingmai No. 1 and Jing 2003-10.
5. Field management in field management for drought protection and flood protection In addition to checking seedlings and supplementing seedlings, pest control, and picking up fertilizers, the main ones are scratching, repression, and water conservation. Repression should be carried out between winter and return to green. Soil compaction is required for timely cultivating tillage to protect drought. When there is more precipitation in spring, it is necessary to increase the number of strokes. It is advisable to “shallow the head, pass through the depths twice, and not damage the roots three times.â€
The repression has the function of maintaining the crop, and it is not suitable for deep-cultivating and untamed wheat fields, and timely repression at night when it is frozen and destroyed, so as to facilitate soil conservation and promote strong seedlings.
6. Drought-reducing and water-saving agrochemicals in agricultural chemistry Drought- and water-saving technologies are the technologies that aim at drought resistance, connotation of water conservation, and increase production. During the long growth period after the crop emerges, it encounters drought, especially in the critical period of water demand, and can be sprayed with foliar-resistant substances as the main component of the drought-resistant agent to reduce stomatal opening, inhibit water evaporation, and promote metabolism. To strengthen photosynthesis, to achieve the use of water resources to regulate the flow of throttling, spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate to enhance the ability of winter wheat to resist drought.
(1) Enhancing drought resistance: In the booting stage of wheat, use drought-resistant agent No.1 50 g/mu, add 2.5-10 liters of water, and apply ultra-low spray to reduce the opening angle of stomata on the leaves, increase plant water potential, and reduce transpiration intensity. , increase the vitality of roots and delay the aging of leaves.
(2) Sodium bisulfite injection: Sodium bisulfite is a kind of photorespiration inhibitor. It sprays 50 kg/mu of a solution with a concentration of 100-200 ml/kg in the early stage of grouting, which can speed up the grouting process and nutrition operation. The grain weight increased by 10 or so.
(3) Spraying foliar boil: The foliar boil contains many trace elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which can achieve significant yield increase effect under different soil, environment, and climatic conditions. From the jointing stage to the grain filling stage, The instruction manual sprays 2-3 times, can increase 5% -10% of output.
(4) Aspirin spraying: Spraying 1% aspirin solution from the booting stage to the grain filling stage of wheat can speed up the grain filling rate to increase the grain weight and increase the yield.
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