Various problems occur during the wheat sowing period every year, such as some sowing early, some late sowing, some deep sowing, some shallow sowing, some thinning, and some sowing. It's thick...So, what should I do if I encounter these problems? Come and find out now!
Improper selection of varieties
Planting spring and weak winter varieties in the middle and early cropping plots will cause the wheat seedlings to flourish before winter, which is not conducive to safe overwintering. If it encounters rare low temperature weather, freezing damage will easily occur, leading to yellow and dry wheat seedlings.
Countermeasures: On the basis of early hoeing and suppression, the soil around the roots before winter, or the cover of "head dung" to protect wheat seedlings through the winter safely.
Sowing too early
Wheat is sowed too early. After the seedlings are unearthed, the leaves are long and narrow, draped, and there are insufficient tillers. The main stem and part of the large tillers will differentiate before the young spikes and enter the two-row stage; in winter, when they encounter a low temperature of -10°C for about 5 hours, Freezing damage will occur.
Countermeasures: suppress the growth of the main stems and large tillers at the right time; after pressing, cut and hoe in time, combined with watering, apply 15 kg of ammonium bicarbonate per mu, and if necessary, spray with 0.2%-0.3% chlormequat solution on the surface of the leaves. Control leggy, resist frost damage.
Sowing too late
Due to the short growth period before winter and insufficient accumulated temperature, the wheat seedlings grow thin and have fewer tillers.
Countermeasures: mainly hoeing and fertilization and water supplementation, 4-5 kg ​​of urea per mu during the three-leaf period; for wheat fields with poor soil moisture and fast water seepage, water tiller in time after the three-leaf period (but suitable for moisture or heavy soil, seepage Poor plots should not be watered before winter); hoeing for the last time before freezing, pay attention to confined soil around the roots to protect the seedlings through the winter safely.
Sowing too shallow
The suitable seeding depth of wheat is 3-5 cm. If the seeding is too shallow (less than 3 cm), the wheat seedlings will grow creeping, the tillers are bare, and the tillers are many and small. They are not drought-tolerant and are susceptible to freezing and premature aging.
Countermeasures: Suppress several times in time before emergence, combine with digging and hoeing and enclosing the roots after emergence, and if necessary, use guest soil to cover or cover the head dung during the wintering period to prevent freezing during the winter.
Sowing too deep
If the wheat is sowed too deeply (over 5 cm), the seedling emerges slowly, the leaves are slender, the tillers are few and small, the secondary roots are few and weak, and the wheat shoots are yellow and thin.
Countermeasures: timely remove the soil and clear the trees. The method is: start from the center of the border with bamboo or iron, and hug it along the ridge. When the last row is cleared, drag all the remaining soil onto the border; for the wheat that is sown in the right season, clear the tree before winter Generally, it starts from the second leaf stage and ends when it is "light snow".
Too much broadcast
It is characterized by crowded growth of wheat seedlings, yellow, thin, thin plants, poor individual development, and few tillers.
Countermeasures: first thin out seedlings in time, especially the "knobby seedlings" in the ground, the edge of the ground and in the field, so as to establish a suitable group structure and promote individual growth; then combine with watering and apply a small amount of nitrogen and phosphorus. Quick-acting fertilizer to make up for the excessive consumption of soil nutrients.
Excessive base fertilizer
Excessive application of base fertilizer will cause the wheat seedlings to grow vigorously after unearthed, with many tillers, wide leaves, and serious field shading.
Countermeasures: When the main stem of the wheat seedling grows 5 leaves, hoe 5-7 cm deep between the wheat rows to cut off part of the secondary roots to control nutrient absorption, reduce tillers, and cultivate strong seedlings.
Insufficient moisture after broadcast
The appearance of wheat seedlings is difficult to unearth, or after emergence, tillers are born slowly, the leaves are gray-green, the heart leaves are short, and the growth is slow or stagnant (commonly known as "shrinking heart seedlings"), the base leaves become yellow and dry, and the roots are few and thin.
Countermeasures: After sowing, check the soil moisture in time. For plots with insufficient moisture or dryness that affect the emergence of seedlings, irrigate with small water if there is water, and suppress 1-2 times in time if there is no water.
The soil is too wet after sowing
After the wheat seedlings are unearthed, the leaf color is light yellow, the tiller is born slowly, and the leaf tip becomes white and dry in severe cases.
Countermeasures: timely deep cultivation and aeration, and topdressing a small amount of quick-acting fertilizer to promote early seedlings.
Incomplete emergence
After the wheat is sowed, the emergence of seedlings should be checked in time, and if any seedlings are found to be lacking, they should be made up quickly. The method is:
â‘ Replanting. Choose the same variety as the land lacking seedlings, first soak the seeds under suitable temperature conditions, accelerating germination, or soak in 25,000 times naphthoacetic acid or 500 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 12 hours, and then sow seeds to facilitate seedling emergence and growth;
â‘¡ Transplanting. Seedlings can be transplanted and replanted on the spot during the wheat tillering stage for the plots that are too late to replant and still lack seedlings after replanting. The transplanted wheat seedlings should choose strong seedlings with 1-3 tillers, and the depth of transplanting should be "not burying the heart on the top, and not showing the white underneath", and the time of transplanting should not be later than the "Xiaoxue" at the latest to facilitate slowness Seedlings and overwintering. Some farmer friends said that they have never heard of wheat that can be transplanted. In fact, it is feasible, but usually no one wants to bother. This only applies to individual lack of seedlings, not to large areas.
After sowing, I met a cloudy sky
Generally speaking, the germination of a wheat seed requires not only the conditions of the seed itself, such as a complete and vigorous embryo and nutrients for embryo development, but also external conditions such as suitable temperature, appropriate amount of water and sufficient air. :
①Temperature: The lowest temperature for germination of wheat seeds is 1℃～2℃, the optimum temperature is 15℃～20℃, and the highest temperature is 30℃～35℃. In the optimum temperature range, wheat seeds develop the fastest and have the highest germination rate, and the wheat seedlings that grow out are the strongest. If the temperature is too low, not only will the seedling emergence time be greatly delayed, but also the seeds will be easily infected with diseases and form rotten seeds.
â‘¡Humidity: After wheat is sowed, insufficient or excessive soil moisture will affect the emergence rate and seedling uniformity. The most suitable soil water content for wheat germination is 60% to 70% of the field water holding capacity. Therefore, be sure to check the soil moisture before planting.
â‘¢Air: Wheat seeds need sufficient oxygen for germination and emergence. In the case of heavy soil, high humidity, and compaction on the ground, seeds are often unable to germinate due to lack of oxygen. Even if they barely emerge, their growth is weak.
Continuous rainfall will affect the soil temperature, humidity, air permeability and other conditions. At this time, farmers friends need to:
â‘ Drain timely. For plots that have not been sown, soil moisture should be released and planted in time to prevent soil damage to the sown ones.
â‘¡Increase the amount of broadcast. An increase of 1-1.5 kg per mu of land, and the maximum sowing rate per mu shall not exceed 15 kg.
â‘¢Select good varieties. Choose semi-winter varieties with large sowing time flexibility.
â‘£ Loosen the soil. It is necessary to break the compaction of the plot after it is clear to promote the emergence of seedlings.
⑤ Check seedlings and replant. If there is a lack of seedlings and broken ridges, replant the same varieties in time.
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