Drawing: Jiaoyang
Professor Jiang Sangcang, Professor, School of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University
jujube
Jujube is an important woody economic tree species in China. According to the determination, jujube has a variety of nutrients and important medicinal value, which is closely related to its rich trace elements. Therefore, it is of great significance to scientifically apply micro-fertilizer to the quality of jujube and the development of jujube industry. At present, in the production of jujube trees, the traditional fertilization habits are biased with nitrogen fertilizer. In recent years, with the advancement of soil testing and formula fertilization, balanced fertilization of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium has become more popular.
However, trace elements are still not effectively replenished, and the fertilizer utilization rate is low, which affects the normal growth and development of the tree. In severe cases, it causes physiological diseases such as rotten fruit, cracked fruit, and fruit rust, as well as rotten roots, dead roots, and even tree death. .
Jujube boron deficiency is stopped when the performance of boron deficiency top shoot growth, symptoms appear from the early spring, the summer shoot brown leaves, deformity leaves, leaf distortion, petiole purple, top shoot veins appear yellow leaf spot necrosis and sharp edge, followed by the death of the growing point, the top dead by downwardly formed dieback.
The underground root system is poor, growing slowly, and obviously weaker than the tree. Flower development is not perfect, flower, fruit drop serious, the performance of "Flower in." A large number of fruit shrink, the fruit deformity, the most important to young fruit, severe cracking occurs at the tail tip, top pulp corky, brown plaque, a seed becomes brown, fruit loss of commercial value.
Prevention
Adding boron soil â‘ , base manure binding mature trees per acre borax or boric acid 1 to 2 kg.
2 Spraying 0.1%~0.2% boron fertilizer once in the beginning of flowering, full bloom, and Xiehua of jujube trees, the effect is better.
If you spray borax, you should pay attention to:
Must be dissolved in warm water, and evenly sprayed to avoid excessive local boron concentration and cause poisoning; boron has poor transport capacity in jujube trees, with multiple spray effects. Further, a method of spraying an equal concentration of sodium octaborate or potassium octaborate may be employed. In the process of fertilization, factors such as jujube variety and tree age should also be considered (the same below).
Zinc deficiency (also known as jujube lobular disease), when zinc deficiency occurs, the new shoots are shortened and the plants are short; the top leaves are narrow and cluster-like, the leaves are chlorotic and the veins are green, and the flower buds are reduced; the fruit is not easy to bear, the fruit is small and Dysplasia.
Prevention
1 The soil is applied with zinc, combined with the application of base fertilizer, and 1 to 2 kg of zinc sulfate per acre.
2 In the early flowering and full bloom period of jujube, spray 0.2% zinc sulphate solution on the leaf surface, spray once every 7~10 days, and even spray more than 3 times.
Iron deficiency (also known as yellow leaf disease, yellowing disease) often occurs in saline-alkali or high-lime areas, and the garden is trapped in long-term waterlogging, with the most serious damage to seedlings and young trees. The leaves on the new shoots are autumn yellow or yellowish white, while the veins are still green. In severe cases, the top leaves are scorched, causing a large number of fallen flowers.
Prevention
1 Adding decomposed high-quality organic fertilizer, improving soil physical and chemical properties, making iron in the soil into a usable form, which is beneficial to plant absorption.
2 Foliar spray 0.3% EDTA/EDDHA chelated iron solution, spray once every 7~10 days, even spray 2~3 times.
wheat
While paying attention to the balanced fertilization of NPK, wheat needs to pay attention to the effective supplementation of trace elements. Common trace element deficiency is as follows:
There is no special symptom before the boron deficiency, and it is not strong after heading. It becomes "bright spike", the inner and outer gems open, and the opening angle of the awn is also increased; the ovary is deformed, the lateral expansion is large, and the inner and outer stalks are squeezed; the pollen is aborted, not full. The neck section is dwarfed and dwarfed, and the whole ear or half ear is not more than normal, the empty shell rate is high, and the yield is severely reduced.
Control measures Wheat is sprayed with 0.1%~0.2% borax solution at jointing and booting stage, once every 7~10 days, and sprayed 2~3 times.
Manganese deficiency in manganese-deficient wheat crops can occur at the seedling stage. It is characterized by fading leaf color, yellowing of plants, stagnant growth and development, and reduced tillering; chlorosis between the upper leaves and veins, the veins remain green, forming streaked leaves; brown spots appear in the inter-pulmonary parts of chlorosis, which are expanded and connected Straight line, commonly known as "brown line verticillium."
Gray-white impregnated (scalded) necrotic spots may occur when the manganese deficiency of wheat crops occurs rapidly. In severe cases, the leaves are obviously thinner, the middle part of the leaves are prone to twisting, the upper half leaves are drooping, the plant shape is scattered, and the landscape of the field is chaotic. There are many brown spotted symptoms in wheat, and there are few symptoms such as brown lines.
Prevention mu topdressing 1 kg of manganese sulfate as basal furrow application, seed dressing with 0.05 to 0.1 kg per acre to, outer root dressing with 0.1% to 0.2% manganese fertilizer solution, spray for 2 to 3 times. Combined with the application of organic fertilizer, increase its effectiveness.
Molybdenum deficiency mainly manifests as chlorotic and yellowing of leaves. It starts from the tip of the old leaf to the edge of the leaf, and then spreads inward from the leaf edge. It is first spotted, then connected into a line, the heart leaves are normal, and the heart leaves are two or three leaves. The leaves are drooping and slightly spiral. Yellow-green spots appear between the veins, which then wither from the tip of the leaves, causing necrosis.
Control measures Apply molybdenum fertilizer such as ammonium molybdate or sodium molybdate. The common method is seed dressing. Generally, about 10 grams of ammonium molybdate is used per acre. Molybdenum fertilizer can also be mixed into phosphate fertilizer. For top dressing of topdressing, use ammonium molybdate solution with a concentration of 0.02%~0.05%. Acidic soils can be applied with soil amendments to increase soil pH and increase molybdenum availability.
Zinc deficiency mainly manifests as the total color of the leaves is reduced, the leaves are whitened, the tips of the leaves stop growing, the leaves are chlorotic, the internodes are shortened, and the plants are dwarfed.
The control measures shall be applied to 1 kg of zinc sulfate per acre; or 0.2% of zinc sulfate shall be sprayed 2 to 3 times in the seedling stage and jointing stage.
rape
In the process of growth and development, rapeseed requires not only a large number of elements such as NPK, but also various micronutrients such as boron, molybdenum and zinc. Due to the difference between different soil fertility and unreasonable fertilization, it often causes deficiency. The symptoms of deficiency are reflected in the appearance of the leaves and the like. The micronutrient deficiency of rapeseed should be based on prevention, and should be remedied as soon as symptoms appear.
Boron-poor rape is more sensitive to boron and requires more boron. Whether the lack of boron first look at the "leaf" - boron deficiency in the seedling stage will appear young leaves chlorotic and brown, spread to the entire growth point, easy to become dead seedlings. The middle part of the stem first darkens green, the leaf is thickened, brittle, rewinding, shrinking, and the leaf edge turns purple and then turns blue-violet, and the leaves fall off in advance. After the flowering period, the middle and upper functional leaves also appear purple due to boron deficiency.
The second is to look at the "stem" - the main stem of boron deficiency is slow or longitudinally fractured, and the growth of the stem is stagnant. In severe cases, the xylem hollow is yellowish brown or swollen, and the middle and lower cortex of the stem is longitudinally cracked. The third look at "flowers" - rapeseed "flowers and not real" is a typical symptom of boron deficiency. In the flowering stage, the flower buds at the top of the inflorescence are chlorotic and yellow, atrophic and dry or detached, and the flowering is abnormal. No seeds are formed or only a few deformed horns are formed, and the yield is sharply reduced or not harvested.
Prevention measures Before the initial flowering, it was found that the rape was deficient in boron, and the foliar spray was sprayed with 0.1%~0.2% borax solution, once every 7~10 days, and even sprayed 2~3 times.
The zinc deficiency of zinc-deficient rape begins with the leaf margin, the green fades and turns grayish white, and then develops to the middle of the leaves. The leaves are yellow-white irregular lesions, the lesions are not necrotic, the veins remain green on both sides, and the diseased leaf margins Does not show atrophy, the tip of the leaf is drooping downward, the root system is poorly developed, and the root is small.
The control measures are applied with 1 to 1.5 kg of zinc sulfate, or sprayed with 0.4% zinc sulfate solution for 2 to 3 times.
The young leaves of manganese deficiency and manganese deficiency appear yellow-white, the veins are still green, and chlorotic spots are formed at the beginning. After the leaves are removed, all the leaves turn yellow. The plants generally have weak growth, yellow-green, less flowering, and correspondingly reduced pods. Type of rapeseed is not realized.
The control measures were sprayed 2~3 times with 0.1%~0.2% manganese sulfate solution.
When molybdenum-deficient rapeseed is deficient in molybdenum, the leaves are withered or scorched, usually spirally twisted, the old leaves become thicker and the plants are clustered. The control measures found that molybdenum was deficient, and it was sprayed 2~3 times with 0.01%~0.1% ammonium molybdate solution in time.
Ginger
Ginger is a commonly used important condiment, traditional food, Chinese medicine, important industrial raw materials and spices. It is also a specialty vegetable and traditional export earning products in China. China is a world largest producer and exporter of ginger. In recent years, due to the imbalance of NPK fertilizer and trace elements in ginger, the phenomenon of deficiency is especially lacking in trace elements. The diseases such as ginger mites and ecdysis are particularly serious, which seriously affects the yield and quality of ginger.
Ginger is a potassium-producing crop, and it also needs more nitrogen, phosphorus and medium and trace elements. There are some differences in the nutritional characteristics and fertilizer requirements of different varieties of ginger. There are not many in-depth studies on the existing data. The laws on the absorption of medium and trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, boron, zinc and iron by ginger are not detailed. Report.
Ginger white leaves, which often occur in actual production, are often caused by the lack of trace elements, mainly boron and zinc. The symptoms are first that the leaves are chlorotic, then gradually become white bars or aging, and eventually the leaves die. It usually occurs after May, and this situation is very common, resulting in reduced yield of ginger.
The control measures increase the application of boron fertilizer, using borax 1~2 kg/mu, zinc sulphate 2~3 kg/mu mixed base fertilizer together, the effect is very good. If sporadic disease occurs after the end of May, use 50 kg of water plus borax and 100 g of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, spray 2 to 3 times, each interval of 7 to 10 days. (Jiang Cangcang)
This article URL: The secret of high-yield crops is supplemented with micro-fertilizer
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