Fig is resistant and adaptable. The requirements for soil, moisture, climate, etc. are not strict. When the seedlings were planted in the same year, they entered the high yield period in the first 3-5 years, yielding more than 2,000 kilograms per mu. The result was early and the yield was high. With fewer pests and diseases, pesticides are rarely applied and cultivation and management are easy. In addition, the branches of figs are flourishing and the trees are elegant. It is a good landscaping ornamental tree species. Therefore, cultivation of figs has high economic significance. First, the establishment of gardens and planting and establishment of gardens is to create good conditions for the growth and growth of figs. Choosing good varieties for the gardens and setting up orchards suitable for the growth of figs and easy cultivation and management are very important for improving the yield and quality and achieving high quality and efficient cultivation. The significance. (1) Requirements of figs on environmental conditions Figs are produced in sub-tropical semi-desert regions of subtropics and are resistant to drought, drought, and drought. Its suitable area is very wide, in China, south to Hainan, north to Liaoning, east to Weihai in Shandong, west to the western border of Xinjiang, all have fig cultivation. 1, the temperature figs are deciduous fruit trees, hi warm, high temperature, high temperature generally does not cause damage to fig plants; also more cold resistance, cold resistance varies from species to species, Bran Rick, Violet, Kawasaki, Japanese purple fruit, etc. Varieties are more resistant to cold, and adult trees can tolerate temperatures as low as -16 degrees below zero. In areas south of the Yellow River, select suitable plots and figs can safely pass winter. Maize Yi Taofen, Green Resistance and other varieties of cold resistance is poor, can be frozen at minus 8 degrees. Through many years of practice, the Jiaxiang County Institute of Figs, Shandong Province has developed a whole set of fig cold-resistant cultivation techniques that allow figs to safely pass winter in high-cold areas such as Liaoning and Jilin, and obtain ideal yields. 2. The roots of the figs of water are well developed and have strong drought-resistance capabilities. Cultivation of slopes in mountainous regions can also yield higher yields. For a long time, people have been thinking that figs are resistant to drought and drought, but cultivation practices in recent years have shown that fig resistance is also very strong. In the fall of 1999, Jiaxiang County of Shandong Province suffered from flooding of fig production gardens, and some plots of water accumulated for more than 20 days. Major fig roots and other flooded parts gave birth to a large number of aerial roots. In addition to the poor fruit quality, the growth results were basically normal. However, severe waterlogging or excessive air humidity may cause cracking and rotten fruit. Long-term water shortage will cause the fruit to become smaller and fruit drop. Therefore, the establishment of a high-yield garden should be able to achieve drought-tolerance and flooding, so as to increase yield and quality. 3, soil figs on the soil adaptability is particularly strong, sandy soil, loam soil and even a variety of viscous soil can be cultivated, but the most suitable for the soil layer of deep neutral or alkaline sandy soil calcareous soil. Figs are also very salt-tolerant and one of the most salt-tolerant fruit trees. It can be planted along beach and inland saline land. Fig demand for calcium is greater. When lime and calcium-depleted soils are planted, lime-adjusted soil has a significant effect on yield increase. (2) The selection of figs in the garden site has a strong adaptability to the environment and strict requirements on the soil. Plains, hills, dry fields, saline-alkali lands, and coastal beaches are all acceptable. However, better soil conditions are more conducive to the improvement of yield and quality. In addition, due to figs soft and juicy, poor storage, inconvenience to transport, the development of orchards should be selected for convenient transportation, closer to the city or processing plant for processing and sales. (C) Variety selection According to different cultivation purposes, figs can be divided into several types, namely, fresh food varieties, processed varieties, landscaping varieties and dual-use varieties. In recent years, the Jiaxiang County Research Institute of Jiaxiang County of Shandong Province has collaborated with other research institutes to import and collect more than 90 improved varieties of ficus from domestic sources in France, the United States, Japan, Israel, and other countries, and has selected the most suitable varieties for cultivation in most parts of China. More than ten kinds, including Kawasaki, Japanese Purple Fruit, Violet, etc. are excellent fresh food varieties, with the largest fruit more than 280g. Kawasaki is of high quality and high yield, while the Branwick has the strongest resistance, and the fresh and processed food is used. The red and dwarf is particularly suitable for garden bonsai and is a rising star in the fig variety. Maestro Taufen is a big fruit, but its flavor is general and it is easy to crack fruits. In rainy areas, it is not suitable for cultivation. The green sugar content is high, but the peel is thick and the appearance is not beautiful. (4) The growth of colonized figs is fast, and the specifications for seedlings are not strict. It is generally used to cut seedlings for one year (10-30 cm in length), either in autumn or spring planting. Due to shrub-type cultivation, the planting density is relatively large. The row spacing is 2-3 meters, and the plant spacing is 1-2 meters, ranging from 111-333 plants per acre. The dry land should be dense and the fertile land should be thin. When Y-shaped pruning method is used for cultivation, the row spacing is generally 2 meters, the distance between the holes is 4 meters, 2 per hole, and 170 acres. This method has an early result, high yield, convenient management, and worthy of promotion. Before planting figs, the garden should be fully deep-turned, apply organic fertilizer, and plant a hole to dig half a meter square. Before planting soil, 20 kg of fertilizer and 2 kg of phosphate fertilizer were applied. After planting, soil will be used to partially seal the seedlings on the ground to prevent cold and water. Before germination in the spring, it will be used to facilitate germination. Second, soil and fertilizer water management (A) soil management 1, soil improvement generally fig garden, plant type is self-rooted, root shallow, the main distribution area of ​​the root underground 30 ~ 40cm or so. Therefore, in order to obtain high yield and high quality, fig cultivation should improve the soil, improve the soil structure, loosen the soil, ventilate and retain water to promote root development. Main measures: First, the soil is deep turned. The fig orchard on the hills and clay areas should be deep-frozen 2 or 3 times, with a depth of 40-50cm in the young fruit stage, and can be deep-turned with interlaced and septa to mature the rhizosphere soil. Second, weeding and weeding. Due to long fig harvest time, the orchard was stepped on many times and the soil was easily compacted, thus destroying the rhizosphere soil structure. According to the type of soil, the cultivator loosens the soil and performs weeding. 2. The management of rows of orchards in salt land should use a degree of soil management that combines intercropping or intercropping with grass-mulching, which can suppress salt return, reduce soil salinity, improve soil structure and fertility. In the hilly orchard, a soil management system that combines grass and grass should be used to improve the moisture content, maintain moisture, and prevent soil erosion during the rainy season. In the plains, the fig-fruit gardens can be interspersed between legumes and vegetable crops during the sapling and early fruit stages. For densely planted orchards, fine cultivation should be practiced. (2) Fermented figs have a large amount of growth and require more fertilizer. Special attention should be paid to the supplement of potassium and calcium fertilizers to supplement the growth of the tree and maintain the soil slightly acidic. 1, base fertilizer fig base fertilizer, generally after the fall of mid-November to early December, Shi Fei is better. The amount of adult trees needed was calculated by the amount of 100-120 kg of nitrogen supplemented per hectare, phosphorus 80-100 kg, and potassium 80-100 kg. The actual application amount of different types of basal fertilizer was calculated. Fertilization methods can be applied to basal fertilization in rows or between plants, with widths of 30 cm wide and 30-50 cm deep. 2. The growth of fig and fig leaf of top dressing is synchronous with the fruit development, and they are complementary. The demand for nutrition is balanced. If possible, apply 7-8 times a year, and generally 3 to 4 times. If the basal fertiliser can be fully used, the first topdressing should be conducted in May in the new tip of the May, mainly nitrogenous fertilizer, and the application amount per hectare is 200-300kg. In the period of fruit ripening from August to October, fertilizer should be top dressing 2 to 3 times, mainly using compound fertilizer, with 250-300kg per hectare. Fertilization method is the same as basal fertilizer. In addition, the application of 0.3% to 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or nitrogen-based compound fertilizer, can also increase the fruit, reduce the cracking effect. (3) Irrigation and drainage 1. The root system of figs developed in irrigation is comparatively drought-resistant; but the leaves are large, and the evaporation of moisture is large in the summer high-temperature season, so the water requirement is large. If the water supply cannot be satisfied, the light will inhibit the growth of new shoots and reduce the yield. In severe cases, the fruit is small, the quality is poor, and even the leaves fall early. Therefore, to ensure high production and high quality, in the event that normal rainfall cannot be met, water should be added in a timely manner. The main water requirement of figs is from July to September before wintering, germination and fruit growth. In addition to the conventional furrow irrigation and hole irrigation, irrigation methods can also be used for irrigation and drip irrigation. 2. Drainage During fruit ripening, if there is excessive rainfall, not only the sugar content of the fruit will be reduced, but the quality will be deteriorated, and even fruit cracking will occur. Therefore, in the rainy season or in low-lying areas, it is necessary to pay attention to the timely removal of water or high ridges in order to reduce waterlogging. Triplicate Pruning Techniques (I) The plastic and reasonable tree form is the basis for the high yield, stable production and excellent production of figs. The figs are more pleasing to the sun, so it is appropriate for the tree shape to be dry or flat in the center, but a certain amount of foliage should be kept so that the main and large branches are not exposed to direct light. Otherwise, it is prone to sunburn and cracks at the branches in severe cases. The main tree types are the following three types: 1. The pile-shaped canopy is relatively short and has no trunk and clustered state. The sapling-resulting mother shoot can be directly drawn from the base, and the result of the main branch of the adult tree that evolved from the resulting mother branch can be transformed into a new result mother branch with a lower number of parts. The tree shape is easy to trim and is suitable for areas where the wind is large and winter protection is needed. However, the light conditions are poor, resulting in a low part and affecting fruit quality. This tree is suitable for varieties with strong branching, large shoot growth, and weak drought resistance. Plastic points: When the seedlings were planted, the plants remained 10 to 15 cm high during pruning, which promoted the development of the base and resulted in the same year. Later, 3 to 5 shoots were selected from the shoots to be cultivated as cluster main branches, and the lateral shoots and the resulting shoots were sequentially cultivated. 2. The open heart-shaped canopy is larger, has a low trunk, has no central stem, and has 2 to 3 main branches and lateral branches. The tree shape has the ability to have a solid result, the tree potential is easily controlled, and trimming is also easier. The canopy has good ventilation and light transmission, high yield, good quality, and is suitable for both Xia Guo and Qiuguo varieties. In gale areas, this type should not be used. This type of crown is large and harvesting is not very convenient. Plastic points: When the seedlings were planted, the height of the cuts was 10 to 15 cm, which promoted sprouting of axillary buds. 3 to 4 branches with ideal azimuth and growth potential should be selected as the main branches. When the winter cuts are made in the current year, they should be about 60 cm long and short-circuited. Below the cuts, lateral shoots or shoots are generally left, and after the second year of germination, the canopy continues to expand. In the branches that germinate on the main branch, they are selected to remain as side branch cultures, and then the results are cultured on the main and lateral branches. 3. The “wen†shape “wen†shape is a type of tree used in Japan and is particularly suitable for cultivation; it is similar to the form of a grape frame. Its main tree structure is characterized by: First, dwarfing. The two main branches extend horizontally or forward along the row direction; on the horizontal main branch, the resulting branches are evenly grown, so that the resulting part is in a vertical plane, and the fruits mature from bottom to top. The result of this tree shape is high densities, high yields, and convenient harvest management; the tree shape is suitable for varieties with strong tree vigor, vigorous shoot growth, and easy fruiting. Shaping points: The average planting spacing is 2~2.5m 3~5m. The height of the dried spring in the spring of the year was 40cm. When the young shoots grow to 15-20cm, two of them are selected to extend along the row direction, and the new shoots with the included angle of about 20 degrees are used as the main shoots. The extension and opening angles can be fixed by bamboo rods. The two main branches kept their balance as much as possible. When pruning in winter, about 2/3 of the branch length was reserved and a short cut was carried out to keep the shoots full of buds. Before the budding in the second year of spring, iron wires (numbers 8 to 10) used to tie the main branch were erected along the line and the height was 40 to 50 cm. The brackets such as the bamboo rods used for the original fixation were removed, and the main branch was tied to the iron wire; After germination of the main branch, divide the sides by 40cm and select the desired branch. The spacing remains at 20cm, and other shoot buds are removed. (B) Pruning Techniques 1. Winter pruning According to the results of the different habits, figs can be divided into two major types of pruning. (1) Insufficient pruning type This type of cultivars has loose shoots and many branches, such as purple fruit one, star and other tree species. If recut, there are more new shoots, fewer results, poor lighting, and low yields. There are also species that are dominated by Xia Guo. Since Xia Guosheng is at the top of the shoots, it is not advisable to carry out short cuts and shears, otherwise it will affect the yield; However, in order to update the resulting mother shoots, appropriate retraction or thinning should be performed. (2) Pruning-resistant pruning types These varieties have strong renewability. Even if the above-ground parts are all dead, the new shoots extracted can still produce results; also the varieties that are not updated are strong, and can be promoted through heavy and short cuts. branch. Such as Branwick, Brown Turkey and so on. When short-cut, the vigorous saplings and the main and lateral branches of the adult tree can be relatively trapped longer; as a result, the mother branch can be heavier to carry out the short cut. When pruning, dry branches, diseased shoots, and branches that affect the tree shape should also be removed. 2. Pruning in the growing season During the growing season, we must cut out the roots, sprouts, and legumes in time to maintain air and light. For those species with weak branching ability but growing vigorously, they must pick their hearts in time from July to August, that is, before and after 20-25 shoots of new shoots, in order to control the growth and promote branching, in order to increase the number and increase of branches. Yield. 9 Fruit Management Techniques (3) Ripening Techniques Due to different varieties and different fruit habits, ripening figs have a long mature fruit supply period and are distributed on the market. If artificial ripening can be conducted, it can not only be listed in batches, but also avoid typhoons and rainy days, improve the value of products and commodities, and significantly increase economic benefits. The following two methods are generally used for processing. Although the cold-proof winter figs have a certain degree of cold resistance, but in northern China, the winter temperatures are very low, and no anti-freezing measures will result in fig extraction or even trunk freezing to affect the following year's output. For more than ten years, the Institute of Figs at Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province, through a series of experimental studies, has worked out a whole set of fig cold-resistant cultivation techniques to allow figs to safely pass winter. This requires the following points: 1. Choose the site of the garden, choose the southern slope as far as possible, and avoid the canyon mouth and the low valley between the mountains. Plains south of the village can block north winds. 2, choose a good variety, choose cold resistant varieties such as Bran Rick, Kawasaki, etc., can greatly reduce the workload of cold. 3. Strengthen management, maintain strong tree vigor, prevent leggy, and increase tree resistance. 4, pouring winter water before winter, can effectively prevent the branches dry. 5. The stems are wrapped in straw and then wrapped in plastic film to prevent freezing and maintain moisture. 6, spray antifreeze. By adopting the above measures, figs in some parts of Shandong, Henan, and southern Hebei can successfully pass through winter. If you can't get over winter, you must use a special cold-proof method (slightly). The temperature in the area north of Shenyang is even lower, and high-density cultivation can be used to focus on overwintering or protected cultivation. 10 Prevention and control of diseases and pests Attention to the control of pests and diseases Less occurrence of pests and diseases in figs. During the fruit growing period, the special odor emitted to the surroundings can easily cause damage to the mulberry; if the fruit matures, it is susceptible to damage by birds. In addition to manually catching Sang Tianniu and driving away birds, eggs can be killed manually or with drugs. Scarecrow can also be used to insert plastic colored bars into the field to drive birds.
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Appearance
1) Color: Orange or orange red.
2) Taste & Odor: Fresh Goji Berry juice taste and smell after sterilization, no peculiar smell.
3) Histomorphology: The product is turbid, allowing precipitation stratification after standing.
4) Impurity: No visible foreign impurities.
Physics & Chemical Specification
1) Brix(%): ≥13.0
2) Total Acid(g/100mLas Citric Acid): ≥0.5
3) pH: 3.5-4.5
Microorganism Specification
1) TPC (CFU/mL): ≤20
2) Yeast (CFU/mL): ≤20
3) Mould (CFU/mL): ≤1
4) Coliform (CFU/mL): ≤1
Additive
Citric acid and Vitamin C
Country of Origin
ZHONGNING, NINGXIA, CHINA
Package
1) Inner package is 200kgs aseptic bag, outer package is opening steel drum.
2) Inner package is 25kgs aseptic bag, outer package is opening steel drum.
Storage
Should be stored at room temperature in clean, cool, dry warehouse, prevent sun, rain, and not be stored with corrosive, toxic, and smelly item. With these conditions, product shelf life is 18 months. (suggestion: 5-8℃).
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